Adolescent Development
Conditions
Brief summary
The Jump-In study will prospectively assess the effects of impact exercise on skeletal development in young girls, including bone mass, bone mineral density, and bone geometry. We hypothesize that girls who regularly participate in impact loading exercise will accrue greater skeletal mass, increase bone density and undergo structural adaptations that in combination will improve bone strength compared to girls who do not participate in impact exercise.
Detailed description
Jump-In is a school-based, block-randomized, trial of the effects of impact-loading exercise on skeletal development in prepubescent and early pubescent girls. Fourth (n=\ 200) and sixth (n=\ 200) grade girls in 14 Tucson (Arizona) schools with no contraindication to physical exercise will be enrolled. Girls in intervention schools will participate in impact activities 3 times per week at school, progressively increasing the number (up to 40) of jumps and their height (from 6 inches to 18 inches per repetition) over the initial 2 months. Thereafter, new activities will be introduced approximately every 2-3 months to maintain interest and motivation, and continually stress the skeleton in novel ways, over 2 years of intervention. Physical and behavioral assessments will be done in both intervention and control groups at baseline, end of the initial school year, and yearly thereafter for 5 years. Assessments include height and weight, selected skeletal lengths, fat, lean soft tissue, bone mineral content and areal density from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bone geometry (e.g., cortical thickness, periosteal circumference and cortical and trabecular density) and muscle area from peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Also, maturation will be assessed via the Tanner Stage (self-assessment against standardized drawings of stages of physical development), diet from the Harvard Youth Food Frequency Questionnaire, and physical activity using pedometers and standardized questionnaires. We hypothesize that girls in intervention schools will demonstrate enhanced skeletal development, including greater mineral mass and density, and enhanced bone geometry, leading to greater bone strength compared to girls in control schools. We further hypothesize that younger (Tanner Stage 1) girls will experience greater adaptations than older girls (Tanner 2 and 3), and that positive adaptations will be maintained throughout the 3-year follow-up period.
Interventions
OTHERSkeletal loading
Impact activities, 3 times per week, increasing the number of jumps (up to 40) and increasing height (from 6 inches to 24 inches per repetition) over the initial 8-weeks (2 months). New activities will be introduced approximately every 2-3 months in order to continually stress the skeleton over 2 years.
Sponsors
University of Arizona
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
9 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
female; entering 4th or 6th grade at enrollment; and willing and able to undergo all of the testing requirements; no physical conditions that limit participation in physical activity/exercise; able to read and write English.
Exclusion criteria
Girls with severe learning disabilities (identified by schools), who are unable to complete questionnaires or otherwise comply with assessment protocols will be excluded. Any subjects (or potential subjects) suffering from medical conditions and/or disabilities that would limit their participation in exercise will be excluded from the study, following the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. Further, any volunteers who are taking medications that would limit exercise and/or alter bone mineral accrual will also be excluded from the study. Girls with a positive pregnancy screening test at the time of the lab visit before DXA scanning will be excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the femur 4% site. Measurement made by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of Cortical bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of trabecular bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| Baseline Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| Baseline Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of bone strength index (BSI) at the femur 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4. |
| Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of Cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical thickness at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of stress-strain index at the femur 20% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of trabecular bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| Baseline Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of bone strength index (BSI) at the tibia 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4. |
| Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical thickness at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of stress-strain index at the tibia 50% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
| Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical thickness at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline | Baseline (initial) measurement of strength-strain index at the tibia 66% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
| 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in trabecular bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| 12-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in cortical bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 12-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in bone strength index (BSI) at the femur 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4. |
| 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Thickness of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in thickness of cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units millimeters (mm). |
| 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in strength-strain index at the femur 20% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
| 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in trabecular bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| 12-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in cortical bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 12-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in bone strength index (BSI) at the tibia 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4. |
| 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 12-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in cortical thickness at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in strength-strain index at the tibia 50% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
| 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate.Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 12-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in cortical thickness at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 12-months | Baseline to 12-month change in strength-strain index at the tibia 66% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
| 24-month in Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units mg/ccm. |
| 24-month in Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month in Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in trabecular bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| 24-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in cortical bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in periosteal circumference at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 24-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in bone strength index (BSI) at the femur 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4. |
| 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Thickness of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in thickness of cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in periosteal circumference at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in strength-strain index at the femur 20% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
| 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in trabecular bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| 24-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in cortical bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2). |
| 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 24-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in bone strength index (BSI) at the tibia 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4. |
| 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month measurement of periosteal circumference at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 24-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in cortical thickness at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in strength-strain index at the tibia 50% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
| 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm). |
| 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 24-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in cortical thickness at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm). |
| 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | Baseline to 24-months | Baseline to 24-month change in strength-strain index at the tibia 66% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment was performed for three years (2007-2009) in a total of 16 elementary and middle schools (9 intervention and 7 control) in two Tucson, Arizona area school districts. Recruitment consisted of attending back to school days and holding recruitment assemblies before or after school.
Pre-assignment details
Intervention and control schools designated prior to recruiting. Schools were selected based on size, demographics, and student flow from elementary to middle school to prevent contamination. 739 participants completed informed consent process (agreed to participate); only 509 scheduled measurement appointments and completed study measurements.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention Subjects in the exercise intervention arm performed activities designed to provide skeletal loading: impact activities, 3 times per week, increasing the number of jumps (up to 40) and increasing height (from 6 inches to 24 inches per repetition) over the initial 8-weeks (2 months). New activities were introduced approximately every 2-3 months in order to continually stress the skeleton over 2 years.
Physical activity performed by these subjects (in addition to intervention activities) was objectively assessed by pedometer (7-day wear period) and further assessed by a validated past year physical activity questionnaire PYPAQ). | 292 |
| Control Subjects in the control arm did not take part in intervention exercises. Physical activity performed by these subjects was objectively assessed by pedometer (7-day wear period) and further assessed by a validated past year physical activity questionnaire PYPAQ). | 217 |
| Total | 509 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12-months | Lost to Follow-up | 100 | 65 |
| 24-months | Lost to Follow-up | 72 | 51 |
| 36-months | Lost to Follow-up | 15 | 6 |
| Baseline | Did not complete study measurements | 72 | 33 |
| Baseline | Withdrawal by Subject | 66 | 59 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Exercise Intervention | Total | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 10.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 | 10.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 | 10.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 67 Participants | 117 Participants | 50 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 225 Participants | 392 Participants | 167 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 20 Participants | 31 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 11 Participants | 14 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 6 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 254 Participants | 450 Participants | 196 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 292 Participants | 509 Participants | 217 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 292 Participants | 509 Participants | 217 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 292 | 0 / 217 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 292 | 0 / 217 |
Outcome results
Primary
12-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in bone strength index (BSI) at the femur 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4.
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | 12.84 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 12.67 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | 15.03 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 14.19 |
Primary
12-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in bone strength index (BSI) at the tibia 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4.
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | 7.84 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 5.39 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | 7.46 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 5.53 |
Primary
12-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in cortical bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 140.00 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 131.17 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 185.50 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 119.42 |
Primary
12-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in cortical bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 44.85 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 54.14 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 39.53 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 49.12 |
Primary
12-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in cortical thickness at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | .29 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.2 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | .31 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.2 |
Primary
12-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in cortical thickness at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | .17 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | .18 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
Primary
12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | 4.89 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 2.21 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | 5.65 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
Primary
12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | 6.17 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 5.8 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | 8.09 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 4.84 |
Primary
12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | 3.17 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 3.7 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | 2.77 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 3.44 |
Primary
12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | 2.98 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 1.33 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | 3.11 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
Primary
12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | 3.69 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 2.35 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | 3.79 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 2.06 |
Primary
12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in strength-strain index at the femur 20% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | 261.94 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 137.73 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | 297.43 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 145.31 |
Primary
12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in strength-strain index at the tibia 50% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | 171.82 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 68 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | 185.36 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 79.04 |
Primary
12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in strength-strain index at the tibia 66% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | 214.93 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 96.58 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | 228.46 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 103.48 |
Primary
12-month Change in Thickness of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in thickness of cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Thickness of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | .11 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.17 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Thickness of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | .11 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.15 |
Primary
12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | 2.40 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 22.38 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | -2.46 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 18.74 |
Primary
12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | 9.87 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 17.29 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | 10.34 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 19.34 |
Primary
12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | 17.98 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 22.27 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | 17.76 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 22.02 |
Primary
12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | 7.00 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 32.41 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | 9.58 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 29.98 |
Primary
12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in total volumetric bone density at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density the Femur 4% Site | 3.10 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 15.36 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density the Femur 4% Site | 2.83 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 12.32 |
Primary
12-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in trabecular bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 104.16 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 111.8 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 144.97 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 96.38 |
Primary
12-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in trabecular bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 29.87 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 52.91 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 24.65 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 50 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 6.87 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 20.02 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 4.39 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 19.38 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 2.14 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 14.47 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 1.68 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 11.47 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 9.69 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 16.76 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 10.10 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 18.73 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | 14.34 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 22.23 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | 11.16 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 18.91 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 11.63 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 24 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 12.69 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 21.32 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 7.12 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 12.98 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 5.77 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 12.38 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 3.37 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 15.23 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 5.89 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 12.94 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 2.84 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 10.22 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 2.36 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 9.33 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | -2.74 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 13.55 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | -3.16 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 15.63 |
Primary
12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 12-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate.Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 12-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 3.40 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 13.49 |
| Control | 12-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 2.08 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 14.64 |
Primary
24-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in bone strength index (BSI) at the femur 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4.
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | 28.08 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 17.51 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | 27.81 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 17.76 |
Primary
24-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in bone strength index (BSI) at the tibia 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4.
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | 17.28 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 9.35 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | 16.86 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 10.14 |
Primary
24-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in cortical bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 237.12 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 178.61 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 255.67 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 165.23 |
Primary
24-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in cortical bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 65.50 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 69.84 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 66.42 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 73.94 |
Primary
24-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in cortical thickness at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | .51 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | .53 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
Primary
24-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in cortical thickness at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | .32 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.27 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | .32 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
Primary
24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in periosteal circumference at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | 8.25 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 3.38 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | 9.29 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 3.08 |
Primary
24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in periosteal circumference at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | 10.08 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 7.73 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | 10.72 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 6.88 |
Primary
24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | 4.64 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 4.82 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | 4.65 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 5.15 |
Primary
24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 24-month measurement of periosteal circumference at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | 5.26 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 2.12 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | 5.27 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
Primary
24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in periosteal circumference at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | 6.75 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 3.07 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | 6.82 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 3.06 |
Primary
24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in strength-strain index at the femur 20% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | 504.12 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 202.34 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | 582.69 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 202.42 |
Primary
24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in strength-strain index at the tibia 50% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | 322.78 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 114.1 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | 336.49 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 112.47 |
Primary
24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in strength-strain index at the tibia 66% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | 421.49 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 172.67 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | 435.13 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 164.78 |
Primary
24-month Change in Thickness of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in thickness of cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Thickness of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | .27 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Thickness of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | .31 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
Primary
24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | 14.88 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 31.73 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | 15.36 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 28.47 |
Primary
24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | 28.22 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 30.58 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | 26.76 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 29.35 |
Primary
24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | 37.26 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 29.74 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | 39.83 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 32.94 |
Primary
24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | 17.83 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 38.18 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | 19.26 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 41.46 |
Primary
24-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in trabecular bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 160.89 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 158.53 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 178.04 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 146 |
Primary
24-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in trabecular bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 34.81 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 70.7 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 35.83 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 75.98 |
Primary
24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 21.56 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 29.46 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 22.26 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 29.62 |
Primary
24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 27.29 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 29.54 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 25.94 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 28.46 |
Primary
24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | 33.70 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 27.35 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | 31.06 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 26.75 |
Primary
24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 28.96 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 28.71 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 31.06 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 28.49 |
Primary
24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 11.83 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 17.2 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 9.04 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 13.87 |
Primary
24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 7.37 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 13.97 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 7.23 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 17.18 |
Primary
24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | -3.51 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 15.84 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | -4.00 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 14.16 |
Primary
24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 4.48 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 14.2 |
| Control | 24-month Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 1.69 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 16.02 |
Primary
24-month in Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in total volumetric bone density at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units mg/ccm.
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month in Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density the Femur 4% Site | 13.70 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 22.89 |
| Control | 24-month in Change in Total Volumetric Bone Density the Femur 4% Site | 13.47 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 19.09 |
Primary
24-month in Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month in Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 10.67 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 21.83 |
| Control | 24-month in Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 10.78 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 17.95 |
Primary
24-month in Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline to 24-month change in volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline to 24-months
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline, 12-month and 24-month time points (N=207). At 12-months: Age=11.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=153.3 +/- 9.9 cm; Weight=44.0 +/- 9.3 kg. At 24-months: Age=12.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; Height=158.8 +/- 9.1 cm; Weight=50.0 +/- 10.7 kg.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | 24-month in Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 8.03 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 19.34 |
| Control | 24-month in Change in Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 8.23 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 16.35 |
Primary
Baseline Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of bone strength index (BSI) at the femur 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | 96.77 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 28 |
| Control | Baseline Bone Strength Index at the Femur 4% Site | 93.52 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 27.39 |
Primary
Baseline Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of bone strength index (BSI) at the tibia 4% site. Bone Strength Index (BSI) is a measurement of the resistance to compression forces at the epiphyses of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^4.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | 52.45 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 15.15 |
| Control | Baseline Bone Strength Index at the Tibia 4% Site | 51.03 mm^4 | Standard Deviation 13.63 |
Primary
Baseline Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 1335.56 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 274.22 |
| Control | Baseline Cortical Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 1348.65 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 284.24 |
Primary
Baseline Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 617.19 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 117.67 |
| Control | Baseline Cortical Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 625.57 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 127.11 |
Primary
Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical thickness at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Femur 20% Site | 2.52 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.37 |
| Control | Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Femur 20% Site | 2.50 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.35 |
Primary
Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical thickness at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | 4.05 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Control | Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 50% Site | 4.00 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.54 |
Primary
Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of cortical thickness at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | 3.06 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
| Control | Baseline Cortical Thickness at the Tibia 66% Site | 3.02 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.46 |
Primary
Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | 77.43 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 8.56 |
| Control | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 20% Site | 77.78 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 8.66 |
Primary
Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | 124.91 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 12.42 |
| Control | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Femur 4% Site | 125.63 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 12.5 |
Primary
Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | 85.86 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 8.36 |
| Control | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 4% Site | 86.43 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 8.82 |
Primary
Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | 61.98 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 5.43 |
| Control | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 50% Site | 62.33 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 5.83 |
Primary
Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of periosteal circumference at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | 71.55 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 6.53 |
| Control | Baseline Periosteal Circumference at the Tibia 66% Site | 72.34 millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 7.25 |
Primary
Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of stress-strain index at the femur 20% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | 1340.19 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 404.78 |
| Control | Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Femur 20% Site | 1344.66 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 399.31 |
Primary
Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of stress-strain index at the tibia 50% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | 1004.97 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 272.4 |
| Control | Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 50% Site | 1023.74 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 297.42 |
Primary
Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of strength-strain index at the tibia 66% site. Stress-strain index (also called strength-strain index and stress-strength index in the literature) is a measure of the resistance to torsional and bending forces at diaphyseal sites of long bones. Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: mm\^3.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | 1167.94 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 331.61 |
| Control | Baseline Stress-Strain Index at the Tibia 66% Site | 1187.31 mm^3 | Standard Deviation 353.09 |
Primary
Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | 489.70 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 63.98 |
| Control | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 20% Site | 478.72 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 60.59 |
Primary
Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the femur 4% site. Measurement made by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 4% Site | 277.25 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 33.83 |
| Control | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Femur 4% Site | 270.79 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 32.97 |
Primary
Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | 297.27 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 37.02 |
| Control | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 4% Site | 291.62 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 33.17 |
Primary
Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | 745.69 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 59.54 |
| Control | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 50% Site | 736.33 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 58.07 |
Primary
Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of total volumetric bone density at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | 566.04 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 63.11 |
| Control | Baseline Total Volumetric Bone Density at the Tibia 66% Site | 552.71 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 61.05 |
Primary
Baseline Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of trabecular bone area at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 1039.55 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 220.17 |
| Control | Baseline Trabecular Bone Area at the Femur 4% Site | 1053.15 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 227.32 |
Primary
Baseline Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of trabecular bone area at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: square millimeters (mm\^2).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 467.73 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 100.86 |
| Control | Baseline Trabecular Bone Area at the Tibia 4% Site | 475.80 millimeters squared (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 108.85 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of Cortical bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 1046.01 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 22.27 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 1045.20 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 23.07 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of Cortical bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 273.80 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 31.23 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 267.89 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 30.75 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 297.40 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 35.63 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 291.93 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 31.92 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | 1070.32 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 32.88 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | 1070.95 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 31.93 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of cortical bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 1029.42 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 32.92 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Cortical Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 1026.07 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 31.38 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 20% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 20% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 163.81 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 39.43 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 20% Site | 153.11 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 36.77 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the femur 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total femur length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 239.32 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 32.2 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Femur 4% Site | 232.34 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 31.56 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 4% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 4% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 224.03 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 27.58 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 4% Site | 219.74 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 25.56 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 50% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 50% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | 137.39 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 26.83 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 50% Site | 131.63 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 26.97 |
Primary
Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site
Baseline (initial) measurement of volumetric bone density of trabecular bone at the tibia 66% site . Measurement made by pQCT at a distance of 66% of total tibia length from the distal growth plate. Measurement units: milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Population consists of all participants that had complete measurements at the baseline time point (N = 503; Age = 10.6 +/- 1.1 yrs; Height = 144.5 +/- 9.7 cm; Weight = 39.2 +/- 10.5 kg).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Intervention | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 159.04 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 30.48 |
| Control | Baseline Volumetric Bone Density of Trabecular Bone at the Tibia 66% Site | 152.34 milligrams per cubic centimeter (mg/ccm) | Standard Deviation 28.73 |