Dental Caries
Conditions
Keywords
toothpaste, plaque fluid, fluoride
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of different sodium fluoride (NaF) containing toothpastes in prevention of dental caries. Change from baseline fluoride data at various time points up to four hours after a single brushing with NaF containing toothpastes will be evaluated.
Detailed description
Topical fluorides in a wide variety of delivery systems have been proven to be clinically effective in the prevention of dental caries. It is generally agreed that fluoride has its anti-caries effect mainly by decreasing the rate of enamel demineralization and enhancing the rate of enamel remineralization. There is a general consensus that level of fluoride in plaque fluid, may be directly related to the anti caries effects of fluoride. Also, fluoride levels in the oral fluids decrease rapidly after topical fluoride application, mainly due to the diluting and washing effect of saliva followed by periodic swallowing. To evaluate fluoride content, plaque samples will be collected from the interproximal surfaces of the posterior teeth of participants using a standardized approach. Plaque fluid fluoride will be calculated using a micro analytical method and in comparison to a standard fluoride curve constructed on the same day of the analysis.
Interventions
DRUGSodium Fluoride (NaF)
Different fluoride toothpastes containing between 1400ppmF - 1450ppmF of fluoride as NaF
DRUGPlacebo
Fluoride free toothpaste (0ppmF)
Sponsors
GlaxoSmithKline
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Age:Age 18 through 65 years. 2. General Health: Good general health with (in the opinion of the investigator) no clinically significant and/or relevant abnormalities of medical history or oral examination, specifically including diabetes or hypoglycemia. 3. Compliance: Understands and is willing, able and likely to comply with all study procedures and restrictions. 4. Consent: Demonstrates understanding of the study and willingness to participate as evidenced by voluntary written informed consent and has received a signed and dated copy of the informed consent form. 5. Oral: a) Currently living in the Indianapolis, Indiana area and not taking fluoride supplements. b) Have a normal stimulated (= 0.8 ml/min) and unstimulated (= 0.2 ml/min) salivary flow rate. c) Have a full complement of natural teeth with the exception of third molars and teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Participants natural teeth must have at least one surface free of restoration in each interproximal embrasure. d) Produce at least 6mg of plaque at Screening Visit 2.
Exclusion criteria
1. Pregnancy:Women who are known to be pregnant or who are intending to become pregnant over the duration of the study. No pregnancy test will be required. 2. Breast-feeding:Women who are breast-feeding. 3. Medical History:Current or relevant history of any serious, severe or unstable physical or psychiatric illness that would make the subject unlikely to fully complete the study or any that increases the risk to the subject. 4. Allergy/Intolerance: Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study materials (or closely related compounds) or any of their stated ingredients. 5. Clinical Study/Experimental Medication:Participation in another clinical study or receipt of an investigational drug within 30 days of the screening visit 1 at the start of the study with the exception of those participating in GSKCH study Z3170476. 6. Medication: a) Currently taking antibiotics or have taken antibiotics in the two weeks prior to any treatment visit or during the study. b) Has a medical condition that would require prophylactic antibiotics prior to a dental cleaning. 7. Dental: a) Current active caries or moderate to severe periodontal disease that may compromise the health of the participants or the study. b) Current use of chlorhexidine mouthrinse. 8. Personnel: An employee of the sponsor or the study site who is directly involved in the conduct of the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Natural Log Transformed Area Under the Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid by Time Curve (AUC) Between 0-4 Hours | Plaque samples collected at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours post single application of treatment | To evaluate fluoride content, plaque samples were collected from the interproximal surfaces of the posterior teeth of participants using a standardized approach. Plaque fluid fluoride were calculated using a micro analytical method and in comparison to a standard fluoride curve constructed on the same day of the analysis. AUC was determined from 0-4hours using trapezoidal rule and natural log transformation was applied due to failure of assumption of normal distribution of data. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Natural Log Transformed AUC for Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid Between 0-4 Hours | Plaque samples collected at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours post single application of treatment | To evaluate fluoride content, plaque samples were collected from the interproximal surfaces of the posterior teeth of participants using a standardized approach. Plaque fluid fluoride were calculated using a micro analytical method and in comparison to a standard fluoride curve constructed on the same day of the analysis. AUC was determined from 0-4 hours using trapezoidal rule and natural log transformation was applied.due to failure of assumption of normal distribution of data. |
| Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 15 Minutes After Brushing With Study Treatments | Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 15 minutes post single application of study treatment | Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period. |
| Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 30 Minutes Post Brushing With Study Treatments | Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 30 minutes post single application of study treatment | Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period. |
| Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 1 Hour Post Brushing With Study Treatments | Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 1 hour post single application of study treatment | Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period. |
| Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 2 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 2 hour post single application of study treatment | Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period. |
| Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 4 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 4 hours post single application of study treatment | Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were recruited at the clinical site.
Pre-assignment details
There was a four-day wash out prior to each treatment period during which participants used the study fluoride-free toothpaste. Two to three days prior to the start of each treatment visit, participants attended the study site for a dental prophylaxis then discontinued all oral hygiene prior to study treatment visit.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Overall Study All randomized participants | 65 |
| Total | 65 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period 1 | Other Reason | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Period 1 | Protocol Violation | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Period 2 | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Period 2 | Other Reason | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Period 2 | Protocol Violation | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Period 3 | Other Reason | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Period 3 | Protocol Violation | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall Study |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 26.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.97 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 65 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 31 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 34 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 58 | 0 / 59 | 0 / 61 | 0 / 59 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 58 | 0 / 59 | 0 / 61 | 0 / 59 |
Outcome results
Primary
Natural Log Transformed Area Under the Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid by Time Curve (AUC) Between 0-4 Hours
To evaluate fluoride content, plaque samples were collected from the interproximal surfaces of the posterior teeth of participants using a standardized approach. Plaque fluid fluoride were calculated using a micro analytical method and in comparison to a standard fluoride curve constructed on the same day of the analysis. AUC was determined from 0-4hours using trapezoidal rule and natural log transformation was applied due to failure of assumption of normal distribution of data.
Time frame: Plaque samples collected at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours post single application of treatment
Population: Per-Protocol (PP) population: All participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment but did not have any major protocol deviations. Due to drop outs, there were differences in the n per treatment group. Missing data was not imputed.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste(1450 Ppm F) | Natural Log Transformed Area Under the Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid by Time Curve (AUC) Between 0-4 Hours | 0.54 ln(μg*F*minutes/cm^2) | Standard Error 0.086 |
| NaF Toothpaste (1400 Ppm F) | Natural Log Transformed Area Under the Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid by Time Curve (AUC) Between 0-4 Hours | 0.54 ln(μg*F*minutes/cm^2) | Standard Error 0.087 |
Comparison: Null hypothesis is no difference between treatments in comparison. Tests were 2-sided at 5% significance levels.p-value: 0.976295% CI: [-0.21, 0.2]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 15 Minutes After Brushing With Study Treatments
Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period.
Time frame: Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 15 minutes post single application of study treatment
Population: PP population: All participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment but did not have any major protocol deviations. Due to drop outs, there were differences in the n per treatment group. Missing data was not imputed.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste(1450 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 15 Minutes After Brushing With Study Treatments | 2.00 μg*F/g | Full Range 4.586 |
| NaF Toothpaste (1400 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 15 Minutes After Brushing With Study Treatments | 1.56 μg*F/g | Full Range 2.806 |
| NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 15 Minutes After Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.76 μg*F/g | Full Range 1.633 |
| Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 15 Minutes After Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.03 μg*F/g | Full Range 0.083 |
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.015195% CI: [0.12, 1.72]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.69, 2.36]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis is no difference between treatments. Tests were 2-sided.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [2.06, 4.05]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.41, 1.27]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [1.5, 2.74]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.73, 1.35]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 1 Hour Post Brushing With Study Treatments
Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period.
Time frame: Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 1 hour post single application of study treatment
Population: PP population: All participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment but did not have any major protocol deviations. Due to drop outs, there were differences in the n per treatment group. Missing data was not imputed.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste(1450 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 1 Hour Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.20 μg*F/g |
| NaF Toothpaste (1400 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 1 Hour Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.22 μg*F/g |
| NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 1 Hour Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.12 μg*F/g |
| Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 1 Hour Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.01 μg*F/g |
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.686595% CI: [-0.13, 0.08]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.175695% CI: [-0.02, 0.12]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.16, 0.38]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.002395% CI: [0.04, 0.22]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.22, 0.51]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.12, 0.25]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 2 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments
Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period.
Time frame: Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 2 hour post single application of study treatment
Population: PP population: All participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment but did not have any major protocol deviations. Due to drop outs, there were differences in the n per treatment group. Missing data was not imputed.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste(1450 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 2 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.09 μg*F/g |
| NaF Toothpaste (1400 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 2 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.09 μg*F/g |
| NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 2 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.07 μg*F/g |
| Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 2 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.00 μg*F/g |
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.078395% CI: [-0.08, 0]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.053195% CI: [0, 0.07]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.07, 0.14]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.000595% CI: [0.03, 0.15]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.08, 0.2]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.04, 0.1]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 30 Minutes Post Brushing With Study Treatments
Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period.
Time frame: Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 30 minutes post single application of study treatment
Population: PP population: All participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment but did not have any major protocol deviations. Due to drop outs, there were differences in the n per treatment group. Missing data was not imputed.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste(1450 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 30 Minutes Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.71 μg*F/g |
| NaF Toothpaste (1400 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 30 Minutes Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.72 μg*F/g |
| NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 30 Minutes Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.28 μg*F/g |
| Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 30 Minutes Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.02 μg*F/g |
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.554595% CI: [-0.22, 0.47]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.000395% CI: [0.15, 0.71]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.58, 1.56]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.15, 0.68]Wilcoxon Signal Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.58, 1.35]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.26, 0.56]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 4 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments
Change from baseline at any time point for a treatment period was calculated as the median post brushing fluoride value at a time point minus the median baseline (pre-brushing) fluoride value for a treatment period.
Time frame: Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 4 hours post single application of study treatment
Population: PP population: All participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment but did not have any major protocol deviations. Due to drop outs, there were differences in the n per treatment group. Missing data was not imputed.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste(1450 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 4 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.04 μg*F/g |
| NaF Toothpaste (1400 Ppm F) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 4 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.04 μg*F/g |
| NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 4 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | 0.02 μg*F/g |
| Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) | Change From Baseline in Fluoride Concentration at 4 Hours Post Brushing With Study Treatments | -0.01 μg*F/g |
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.430995% CI: [-0.03, 0.01]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.072695% CI: [0, 0.04]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.03, 0.06]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.010795% CI: [0.01, 0.06]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.03, 0.07]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Statistical tests were 2-sided at 5% significance level.p-value: 0.001295% CI: [0.01, 0.04]Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Secondary
Natural Log Transformed AUC for Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid Between 0-4 Hours
To evaluate fluoride content, plaque samples were collected from the interproximal surfaces of the posterior teeth of participants using a standardized approach. Plaque fluid fluoride were calculated using a micro analytical method and in comparison to a standard fluoride curve constructed on the same day of the analysis. AUC was determined from 0-4 hours using trapezoidal rule and natural log transformation was applied.due to failure of assumption of normal distribution of data.
Time frame: Plaque samples collected at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours post single application of treatment
Population: Per-Protocol (PP) population: All participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment but did not have any major protocol deviations. Due to drop outs, there were differences in the n per treatment group. Missing data was not imputed.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LOG_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste(1450 Ppm F) | Natural Log Transformed AUC for Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid Between 0-4 Hours | 0.54 ln(μg*F*minutes/cm^2) | Standard Error 0.086 |
| NaF Toothpaste (1400 Ppm F) | Natural Log Transformed AUC for Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid Between 0-4 Hours | 0.54 ln(μg*F*minutes/cm^2) | Standard Error 0.087 |
| NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) | Natural Log Transformed AUC for Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid Between 0-4 Hours | 0.05 ln(μg*F*minutes/cm^2) | Standard Error 0.086 |
| Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) | Natural Log Transformed AUC for Fluoride Concentration in Plaque Fluid Between 0-4 Hours | -0.90 ln(μg*F*minutes/cm^2) | Standard Error 0.087 |
Comparison: Null hypothesis is no difference between treatments being compared. Tests were 2 sided at 5% significance levels.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.28, 0.7]ANCOVA
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Tests were 2 sided at 5% significance levels.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [1.23, 1.65]ANCOVA
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Tests were 2 sided at 5% significance levels.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.28, 0.7]ANCOVA
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Tests were 2 sided at 5% significance levels.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [1.23, 1.65]ANCOVA
Comparison: Null hypothesis was no difference between treatments, being compared. Tests were 2 sided at 5% significance levels.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [0.74, 1.16]ANCOVA