HIV Infections, Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Conditions
Keywords
Sexual Behavior, Abstinence, Intervention Studies, HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infection, Theory of Planned Behavior, HIV Seronegativity
Brief summary
This study will develop and evaluate the effectiveness of culturally appropriate HIV/sexually transmitted disease risk-reduction interventions in reducing sexual risk behavior among young African-American adolescents.
Detailed description
Adolescents risk the negative consequences of early sexual involvement, including not only HIV, but other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unintended pregnancies. Compared with older adults, young people, especially African-American young people, are at higher risk of acquiring an STD. Specifically, people 15 to 24 years of age acquire nearly 50% of all new STDs in the United States, but this age group represents only 25% of the sexually active population. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to STD infections because of a lack of education about proper condom use and consequences of sexual risk behaviors. Previous research has suggested that behavioral interventions can reduce adolescents' sexual behaviors tied to risk of acquiring STDs. Nevertheless, there is continuous debate over the appropriateness and effectiveness of different types of adolescent sexual-risk-reduction interventions, including abstinence education or comprehensive sexual education. Few studies have tested the long-term effectiveness of abstinence education, which emphasizes delaying sexual initiation for sexually inexperienced adolescents. This study will compare the effectiveness of an abstinence-only HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention with other types of interventions in reducing sexual risk behavior among young African-American adolescents. Participation in this study will last 24 months. Participants at participating schools will be randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: * Abstinence-only group participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence. This is not an abstinence-until-marriage intervention; the target behavior is abstaining from sexual activity until later in life when the adolescent is more prepared to handle the consequences. The intervention is not designed to affect condom use. * Safer-sex-only group participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for using condoms during sexual intercourse. The intervention is not designed to influence abstinence. * Long comprehensive group participants will attend three sessions consisting of twelve 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence and for using condoms if participants decide to be sexually active. The intervention will consist of 4 hours each of the safer-sex-specific content, the abstinence-specific content, and the general content that is common to both of the single-component interventions. * Short comprehensive group participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence and for using condoms if participants decide to be sexually active. * Health promotion control participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for avoiding cigarette smoking and for incorporating a healthful diet, aerobic exercise, and breast and testicular self-examinations. The control intervention will focus on reducing risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers. Sessions for all groups will be led by trained adult facilitators and will include group discussions, videos, games, brainstorming, experiential exercises, and skill-building activities designed to be educational, interactive, and entertaining. All participants will complete self-reports concerning sexual behaviors, condom use, and knowledge about STDs at baseline and Months 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 of follow-up.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALAbstinence-only HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention
Participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence. The intervention is not an abstinence-until-marriage intervention; the target behavior is abstaining from sexual activity until later in life when the adolescent is more prepared to handle the consequences. The intervention does not contain inaccurate information, portray sex in a negative light, or employ a moralistic tone. It is not designed to affect condom use.
BEHAVIORALSafer-sex-only HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention
Participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for using condoms during sexual intercourse. The intervention is not designed to influence abstinence.
BEHAVIORALLong comprehensive HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention
Participants will attend three sessions consisting of twelve 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence and for using condoms if participants decide to be sexually active. The intervention consists of the safer-sex-specific content (4 hours), the abstinence-specific content (4 hours), and the general content that is common to both of the single-component interventions (4 hours).
BEHAVIORALShort comprehensive HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention
Participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence and for using condoms if participants decide to be sexually active.
BEHAVIORALHealth promotion control intervention
Participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for avoiding cigarette smoking and for incorporating a healthful diet, aerobic exercise, and breast and testicular self-examinations. The control intervention will focus on reducing risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers. The intervention provides a control for Hawthorne effects to reduce the likelihood that the HIV/STD interventions' effects can be attributed to group interaction and special attention.
Sponsors
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
University of Pennsylvania
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Grade 6 or 7 student at a participating school * Written parent or guardian consent to participate * Self-identifies as African American or black
Exclusion criteria
\- Those not meeting inclusion criteria were excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-report of Ever Having Sexual Intercourse | 24 months post-intervention | Self-reported sexual initiation during the follow-up period among participants who reported never having sexual intercourse at baseline. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | Measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention | Self-report of having sexual intercourse in the past 3 months |
| Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | Measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention | Self-report of having sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the pat 3 months. |
| Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | Measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention | Self-report of using a condom during every sexual intercourse act in the past 3 months |
| Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | Measured at baseline and3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention | — |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Comprehensive-long Participants will receive the long comprehensive HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention.
Long comprehensive HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention: Participants will attend three sessions consisting of twelve 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence and for using condoms if participants decide to be sexually active. The intervention consists of the safer-sex-specific content (4 hours), the abstinence-specific content (4 hours), and the general content that is common to both of the single-component interventions (4 hours). | 131 |
| Comprehensive-short Participants will receive the short comprehensive HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention.
Short comprehensive HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention: Participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence and for using condoms if participants decide to be sexually active. | 134 |
| Safer-sex Only Participants will receive the safer-sex-only HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention.
Safer-sex-only HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention: Participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for using condoms during sexual intercourse. The intervention is not designed to influence abstinence. | 129 |
| Abstinence-only Participants will receive the abstinence-only HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention.
Abstinence-only HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention: Participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for practicing abstinence. The intervention is not an abstinence-until-marriage intervention; the target behavior is abstaining from sexual activity until later in life when the adolescent is more prepared to handle the consequences. The intervention does not contain inaccurate information, portray sex in a negative light, or employ a moralistic tone. It is not designed to affect condom use. | 134 |
| Health-promotion Control Participants will receive the health promotion control intervention.
Health promotion control intervention: Participants will attend two sessions consisting of eight 1-hour modules that are designed to increase knowledge, motivation, and skill for avoiding cigarette smoking and for incorporating a healthful diet, aerobic exercise, and breast and testicular self-examinations. The control intervention will focus on reducing risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers. The intervention provides a control for Hawthorne effects to reduce the likelihood that the HIV/STD interventions' effects can be attributed to group interaction and special attention. | 134 |
| Total | 662 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Abstinence-only | Comprehensive-long | Safer-sex Only | Comprehensive-short | Total | Health-promotion Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 12.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 | 12.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 | 11.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 | 11.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 | 12.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 | 12.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 |
| Ever had sexual intercourse No | 107 participants | 100 participants | 97 participants | 106 participants | 509 participants | 99 participants |
| Ever had sexual intercourse Yes | 27 participants | 31 participants | 32 participants | 28 participants | 153 participants | 35 participants |
| Grade in School 7th | 77 participants | 68 participants | 73 participants | 71 participants | 366 participants | 77 participants |
| Grade in School 8th | 57 participants | 63 participants | 56 participants | 63 participants | 296 participants | 57 participants |
| Live with both parents No | 91 participants | 85 participants | 89 participants | 88 participants | 441 participants | 88 participants |
| Live with both parents Yes | 43 participants | 46 participants | 40 participants | 46 participants | 221 participants | 46 participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 134 Participants | 131 Participants | 129 Participants | 134 Participants | 662 Participants | 134 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 134 participants | 131 participants | 129 participants | 134 participants | 662 participants | 134 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 70 Participants | 69 Participants | 70 Participants | 72 Participants | 354 Participants | 73 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 64 Participants | 62 Participants | 59 Participants | 62 Participants | 308 Participants | 61 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 131 | 0 / 134 | 0 / 129 | 0 / 134 | 0 / 134 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 131 | 0 / 134 | 0 / 129 | 0 / 134 | 0 / 134 |
Outcome results
Primary
Self-report of Ever Having Sexual Intercourse
Self-reported sexual initiation during the follow-up period among participants who reported never having sexual intercourse at baseline.
Time frame: 24 months post-intervention
Population: Participants reporting never having sexual intercourse at baseline (i.e., virgins) with follow-up data on self-reported sexual intercourse during the post-intervention assessments.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Ever Having Sexual Intercourse | 39 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Ever Having Sexual Intercourse | 40 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Ever Having Sexual Intercourse | 44 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Ever Having Sexual Intercourse | 31 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Ever Having Sexual Intercourse | 41 Participants |
Comparison: With alpha = .05, 2-tailed, and 37.4% of the control group initiating sexual intercourse by 24-month follow-up, a total sample size of 563 participants completing the trial was projected to provide power of 80% to detect a difference of 16.8% in self-reported sexual intercourse between an HIV intervention condition and the health promotion control condition.p-value: 0.0395% CI: [0.48, 0.96]generalized linear regression
Secondary
Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months
Self-report of using a condom during every sexual intercourse act in the past 3 months
Time frame: Measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention
Population: Participants with data at baseline and at least one post intervention assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 7 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 8 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 14 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 16 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 23 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 26 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 21 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 29 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 8 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 17 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 25 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 15 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 24 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 34 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 4 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 17 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 16 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 31 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 19 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 12 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 11 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 25 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 31 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 10 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 27 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 15 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 20 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 32 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 17 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Consistent Condom Use in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 12 Participants |
Secondary
Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months
Self-report of having sexual intercourse in the past 3 months
Time frame: Measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention
Population: Participants with data at baseline and at least one post-intervention assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 14 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 12 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 18 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 24 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 32 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 35 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 32 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 38 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 13 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 19 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 33 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 19 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 34 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 40 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 15 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 21 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 22 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 42 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 27 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 15 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 13 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 33 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 39 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 16 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 35 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 27 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 26 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 42 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 25 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-reported Sexual Intercourse in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 18 Participants |
Secondary
Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months
Self-report of having sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the pat 3 months.
Time frame: Measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention
Population: Participants with data at baseline and at least one post-intervention assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 11 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 7 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 7 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 13 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 9 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 16 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 16 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 13 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 9 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 6 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 9 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 6 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 14 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 17 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 6 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 7 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 12 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 17 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 11 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 5 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 4 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 14 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 21 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 4 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 18 months | 17 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 6 months | 18 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 3 months | 14 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 24 months | 17 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | 12 months | 10 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Multiple Sexual Partners in the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 10 Participants |
Secondary
Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months
Time frame: Measured at baseline and3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention
Population: Participants with data at baseline and at least one post intervention assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 2 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 3 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 7 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 5 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 8 Participants |
| Comprehensive-long | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 6 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 1 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 8 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 6 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 2 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 2 Participants |
| Comprehensive-short | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 10 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 3 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 8 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 4 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 3 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 7 Participants |
| Safer-sex Only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 6 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 8 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 7 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 1 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 1 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 8 Participants |
| Abstinence-only | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 1 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 24-Months | 8 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | Baseline | 5 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 3-Months | 4 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 6-Months | 11 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 12-Months | 7 Participants |
| Health-promotion Control | Self-report of Having Sexual Intercourse Without Using a Condom During the Past 3 Months | 18-Months | 7 Participants |