Pancreatic Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, stage II pancreatic cancer, stage III pancreatic cancer
Brief summary
RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies, such as panitumumab, can block tumor growth in different ways. Some block the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Others find tumor cells and help kill them or carry tumor-killing substances to them. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as fluorouracil, capecitabine, and gemcitabine, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. External-beam radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Panitumumab may also stop the growth of pancreatic cancer by blocking blood flow to the tumor and make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Giving panitumumab together with chemotherapy and radiation therapy may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well giving panitumumab together with chemotherapy and external-beam radiation therapy works in treating patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer that cannot be removed by surgery.
Detailed description
OBJECTIVES: Primary * To evaluate the 1-year survival rate in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with panitumumab and continuous infusion fluorouracil administered concurrently with external-beam radiotherapy followed by gemcitabine and panitumumab. Secondary * To determine overall survival, time to disease progression, confirmed response rate, duration of response, and time to treatment failure in patients treated with this regimen. * To determine adverse events in patients treated with this regimen. OUTLINE: * Panitumumab and chemoradiotherapy : Patients undergo external-beam radiotherapy once daily on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, 29-33, and 36-38. Patients also receive panitumumab IV over 1 hour on days 1, 15, and 29 and fluorouracil IV continuously over 24 hours daily OR oral capecitabine twice daily beginning on day 1 and continuing through the last day of radiotherapy. * Panitumumab and chemotherapy: Beginning 4-6 weeks after completion of panitumumab and chemoradiotherapy, patients receive panitumumab IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 15 and gemcitabine IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 3 courses. Patients then proceed to maintenance therapy. * Maintenance therapy: Patients receive panitumumab IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 3 months for 2 years and then every 6 months for 1 year.
Interventions
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas * Including subtotal resection and gross residual disease * No microscopic residual disease only * Measurable disease is not required * Disease is encompassable within standard radiotherapy fields for pancreatic cancer * No evidence of metastatic disease outside of the planned radiotherapy field * No cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas or pancreatic tumors of neuroendocrine origin * No distant metastases (i.e., liver or lung metastases or peritoneal spread) * No history or known presence of CNS metastases PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 * ANC ≥ 1,500/mm³ * Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL * Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm³ * Total bilirubin ≤ 3 times upper limit of normal (ULN)\* NOTE: \*Biliary stent placement or surgical bypass should be considered prior to treatment if impending bile duct obstruction by tumor * AST ≤ 3 times ULN * Creatinine ≤ 2.0 times ULN * Magnesium normal * Willing to return to an North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) institution for follow-up * Not pregnant or nursing * Negative pregnancy test * Fertile patients must use effective contraception during and for at least 6 months after treatment with panitumumab * No prior or concurrent malignancy unless disease-free ≥ 3 years except for non-melanoma skin cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or organ confined prostate cancer with Gleason score \< 7 * No nausea or vomiting \> grade 1 * No uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, any the following: * Ongoing or active infection * Psychiatric illness or social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements * No New York Heart Association clinically significant cardiovascular disease ≥ grade 2, including any of the following within the past year: * Myocardial infarction * Unstable angina * Symptomatic congestive heart failure * Serious, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia * No known HIV positivity * No known hepatitis C virus or acute or chronic active hepatitis B infection * Adequate oral nutrition PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: * More than 21 days since prior laparotomy * No prior anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody therapy (e.g., cetuximab) * No prior small molecule EGFR inhibitors (e.g., gefitinib, erlotinib, or lapatinib) * No prior radiotherapy that would overlap with planned radiotherapy fields * No prior or other concurrent chemotherapy * No prior or other concurrent biologic therapy * More than 4 weeks since prior and no concurrent or planned participation in another experimental drug study except studies with specific interventions intended to treat rashes associated with EGFR agents (e.g., N05C4) * No concurrent enteral hyperalimentation * No concurrent chronic immunosuppressive agents (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporine, or corticosteroids) * No concurrent colony-stimulating factors during the first course of therapy * No other concurrent immunotherapy or radiotherapy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| One Year Survival Rate | Baseline to 12 months | The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Confidence intervals for the true success proportion will be calculated according to the exact binomial method. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival | baseline to 2 years | Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier |
| Progression Free Survival (PFS) | baseline to 2 years | Progression Free Survival is defined as the time from registration to the earliest documented evidence of disease progression. |
| Confirmed Response Rate | baseline to 2 years | A confirmed tumor response is defined to be a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) noted as the objective status on 2 consecutive evaluations at least 4 weeks apart according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. A complete response is defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. A partial response is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of the target lesion from baseline. Confirmed tumor response will be evaluated using the first 6 cycles of treatment. |
| Duration of Response | baseline to 2 years | Duration of response is defined for all evaluable patients who have achieved an objective response as the date at which the patient's earliest best objective status is first noted to be either a CR or PR to the earliest date progression is documented. |
| Time to Treatment Failure | baseline to 2 years | Time to treatment failure is defined to be the time from the date of registration to the date at which the patient is removed from treatment due to progression, adverse events, or refusal. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Panitumumab Chemotherapy concurrent with radiation:
Radiation 5 days per week for 5½ weeks; 6 mg/kg Panitumumab on days 1, 15, and 29 of radiation therapy 225 mg/m\^2 per day 5-fluorouracil (5FU) continuous infusion, starting on day 1 and through last day of radiation.
4-6 weeks after completion of radiation therapy: 1000 mg/m\^2 Gemcitabine on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle, for 3 cycles; 6 mg/kg Panitumumab on days 1 and 15 of each cycle, for 3 cycles.
Maintenance therapy:
6 mg/kg Panitumumab on days 1 and 15 of each cycle, for 6 cycles. | 51 |
| Total | 51 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Panitumumab |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 65 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 51 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 28 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 23 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 51 / 51 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 29 / 51 |
Outcome results
One Year Survival Rate
The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Confidence intervals for the true success proportion will be calculated according to the exact binomial method.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 months
Population: All patients were evaluable for this endpoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Panitumumab | One Year Survival Rate | 0.502 proportion of patients |
Confirmed Response Rate
A confirmed tumor response is defined to be a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) noted as the objective status on 2 consecutive evaluations at least 4 weeks apart according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. A complete response is defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. A partial response is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of the target lesion from baseline. Confirmed tumor response will be evaluated using the first 6 cycles of treatment.
Time frame: baseline to 2 years
Population: All patients were analyzed for this endpoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Panitumumab | Confirmed Response Rate | 0.059 rate of confirmed response |
Duration of Response
Duration of response is defined for all evaluable patients who have achieved an objective response as the date at which the patient's earliest best objective status is first noted to be either a CR or PR to the earliest date progression is documented.
Time frame: baseline to 2 years
Population: Too few patients reported a confirmed response to provide meaningful information into the duration of response.
Overall Survival
Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier
Time frame: baseline to 2 years
Population: All patients were evaluable for this endpoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Panitumumab | Overall Survival | 12.1 months |
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Progression Free Survival is defined as the time from registration to the earliest documented evidence of disease progression.
Time frame: baseline to 2 years
Population: All patients were evaluable for this endpoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Panitumumab | Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 7.4 months |
Time to Treatment Failure
Time to treatment failure is defined to be the time from the date of registration to the date at which the patient is removed from treatment due to progression, adverse events, or refusal. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.
Time frame: baseline to 2 years
Population: All patients were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Panitumumab | Time to Treatment Failure | 2.71 months |