Understanding Probability in Children

Evaluation of the Understanding of Probability in Children

Status

Terminated

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT00592800

Enrollment

165

Registered

2008-01-14

Start date

2007-08-31

Completion date

2009-02-28

Last updated

2009-09-16

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Understanding Probability

Keywords

statistics, probability

Brief summary

To make medical decisions involving pros and cons, one also has to understand probability and percentages. This is a preliminary study to evaluate the ability of children to understand probability and percentages.

Detailed description

The concept of patients making decisions with respect to their health care is well accepted in adult medicine but, the value and importance of decision making in the care of children is not recognized. The major objection raised against allowing children to express their opinions concerning outcomes is that children do not understand probability. One way of assessing children's ability to understand probability is to test their mathematical knowledge using tests focused on probability and percentage. We have designed a set of questionnaires with 10 questions each, taken from the US Department of Education's National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). They are divided into 3 different groups (4th, 8th, and 12th grade), based on grade-level. We have also obtained the average percentage of correct-incorrect answers given to these questions by students nationwide, and the scoring system used to assess the student's proficiency level. In this preliminary study we intend to present this set of 10 mathematical questions to children and to one of their parents.

Interventions

None listed

Study design

Time perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

11 Years to 18 Years

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Males or females ages 11 to 18 years. 2. Spoken and written English as primary language of both parents and children. 3. Children scheduled to receive anesthesia. 4. Parental/guardian permission (informed consent) and if appropriate, child assent.

Exclusion criteria

1. Children with known mental retardation, of any nature. 2. Children who attend schools for children with special needs.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
To compare the percentage of children who answer correctly to a set of mathematical questions to verify the ability of children to understand probability and percentages. The results will be compared to those obtained in children nationwide in 2003.	During pre-operative visit.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
The secondary objective is to compare the responses between children and parent.	During the pre-operative visit.

Outcome results