Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, AML, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, MDS, Leukemia
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical research study is to find the highest tolerable dose of Azacytidine (5-azacytidine) combined with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) for the treatment of patients with relapsed and/or refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or high-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). The safety and effectiveness of this treatment combination will also be studied.
Detailed description
5-azacytidine is designed to turn off the growth of cancer cells. This may be increased by ara-C, which is designed to kills leukemia cells by helping to stop the cells from dividing. If you are found to be eligible to take part in this study, you will be assigned to a treatment group. You will be randomly assigned (as in the toss of a coin) to one of the 4 treatment groups. The first 3 to 6 patients will be assigned to Group 1. If no serious side effects are experienced, the next 3 to 6 patients will be assigned to Group 2. If no serious side effects are experienced, the next 3 to 6 patients will be assigned to Group 3. If no serious side effects are experienced, the next 3 to 6 patients will be assigned to Group 4. If you are in Group 1, you will receive low-dose 5-azacytidine as an infusion by vein over 20 to 30 minutes every day for 7 days. You will also receive low-dose ara-C as a continuous infusion by vein for 7 days. If you are in Group 2, you will receive high-dose 5-azacytidine as an infusion by vein over 20 to 30 minutes every day for 7 days. You will also receive low-dose ara-C as a continuous infusion by vein for 7 days. If you are in Group 3, you will receive low-dose 5-azacytidine as an infusion by vein over 20 to 30 minutes every day for 7 days. You will also receive high-dose ara-C as a continuous infusion by vein for 3 days (if you are 65 years of age or older) or for 4 days (if you are younger than 65 years of age). If you are in Group 4, you will receive high-dose 5-azacytidine as an infusion by vein over 20 to 30 minutes every day for 7 days. You will also receive high-dose ara-C as a continuous infusion by vein for 3 days (if you are 65 years of age or older) or for 4 days (if you are younger than 65 years of age). Each group's treatment will be repeated every 4 to 8 weeks (this is considered 1 cycle of treatment), depending on your blood counts and how well your bone marrow is recovering. You will receive at least 2 cycles of treatment. You will continue to receive treatment, unless your disease gets worse or if you experience intolerable side effects. If your disease gets worse or you experience intolerable side effects, you may be taken off this study. This is an investigational study. 5-azacytidine has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of MDS. Ara-C has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of AML. Up to 80 patients will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at M. D. Anderson.
Interventions
DRUGAzacitidine
Group 1 and 3 at Level 0 = 37.5 mg/m\^2 IV Over 20-30 minutes Daily for 7 Days Group 2 and 4 at Level 1 = 75.0 mg/m\^2 IV Over 20-30 minutes Daily for 7 days
DRUGAra-C
Group 1 and 2 at Low-Dose = 100 mg/m\^2 Daily continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) for 7 days Arms 3 and 4 at High-dose = 1 g/m\^2 Daily CIV for 4 days (age\<65 years) or 3 days (age\>=65 years)
Sponsors
Celgene Corporation
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Patients must have histologically confirmed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or high risk and previously treated Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). 2. Patients with (1) refractory disease or (2) first relapse within 6 months of therapy or (3) 2nd or more of relapse of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) or high risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome MDS will be considered for the study. 3. Patients must have been off chemotherapy for 4 weeks prior to entering this study and recovered from the toxic effects of that therapy, unless there is evidence of rapidly progressive disease. 4. Age \>=18 years. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation plays a significant role in development, and the effects of azacitidine in children are not well described. 5. Patients must have normal organ as defined: Total bilirubin \<2 mg, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \<2.5 x institutional upper limit of normal, Creatinine \<2 mg 6. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. 7. Women of child bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test prior to azacitidine treatment. 8. Women of child bearing potential should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant and men should be advised to not father a child while receiving treatment with azacytidine. 9. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2.
Exclusion criteria
1. Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier, unless there is evidence of rapidly progressive disease. Patients may have received hydroxyurea prior to entering the study. 2. Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents for their leukemias. 3. Patients with active brain or meningeal disease should be excluded. 4. Known or suspected hypersensitivity to azacitidine or mannitol 5. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements. 6. Pregnant women are excluded from this study because azacitidine is a Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methyltransferase inhibitor which has teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with azacitidine, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with azacitidine.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Complete Remission | 6 weeks | Clinical response is determined by achievement of a complete remission (CR) as judged by morphological criteria (\< 1% blasts in bone marrow with neutrophil recovery) according to International Working Group (IWG) criteria. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment Period 12/28/2005 to 8/25/2008. All participants were registered at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.
Pre-assignment details
Of the 36 enrolled, only 34 evaluable participants were included in this study and started study drug.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Low-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 0 Low-Dose Ara-C: 100 mg/m\^2 Daily continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) for 7 days; Azacitidine (AZA): 37.5 mg/m\^2 intravenous (IV) Over 20-30 minutes Daily for 7 Days | 6 |
| Low-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 1 Low-Dose Ara-C: 100 mg/m\^2 Daily continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) for 7 days AZA: Level 1 = 75.0 mg/m\^2 IV Over 20-30 minutes Daily for 7 days | 6 |
| High-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 0 Ara-C: 1 g/m\^2 Daily CIV for 4 days (age\<65years) or 3 days (age\>=65years); AZA: 37.5 mg/m\^2 IV Over 20-30 minutes Daily for 7 Days | 11 |
| High-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 1 High-dose Ara-C: 1 g/m\^2 Daily CIV for 4 days (age\<65years) or 3 days (age\>=65 years); AZA: Level 1 = 75.0 mg/m\^2 IV Over 20-30 minutes Daily for 7 days | 11 |
| Total | 34 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Low-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 1 | High-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 0 | Low-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 0 | High-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 1 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age Continuous | 61 years | 74 years | 44 years | 62 years | 61 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 6 participants | 11 participants | 6 participants | 11 participants | 34 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 5 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 8 Participants | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 19 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 3 / 6 | 0 / 6 | 0 / 11 | 7 / 11 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 5 / 6 | 5 / 6 | 8 / 11 | 3 / 11 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Complete Remission
Clinical response is determined by achievement of a complete remission (CR) as judged by morphological criteria (\< 1% blasts in bone marrow with neutrophil recovery) according to International Working Group (IWG) criteria.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Population: Analysis was per protocol.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Low-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 0 | Number of Participants With Complete Remission | 0 participants |
| Low-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 1 | Number of Participants With Complete Remission | 0 participants |
| High-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 0 | Number of Participants With Complete Remission | 0 participants |
| High-Dose Ara-C + AZA-Level 1 | Number of Participants With Complete Remission | 2 participants |