Breast Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
endocrine therapy, bevacizumab, breast cancer, first-line therapy
Brief summary
Locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with negative Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), who are candidates for hormone treatment and who have not received previous chemotherapy or hormonotherapy for the metastatic disease.
Detailed description
The main endpoint of the study is progression-free survival (PFS). It has been calculated that 378 patients will need to be included, according to the following assumptions: * Recruitment period of 21 months. * Minimum follow-up period of 9 months. * PFS of 9 months in the control arm (letrozole in monotherapy). Using a two-sided log-rank test, for a 5% α level, 344 patients (172 in each treatment arm) will be required for 270 events to occur, which will provide an 80% power for detecting a hazard ratio of 0.69 (corresponding to a PFS median of 13 months in the bevacizumab arm). This sample size has been adjusted for an intermediate analysis when 2/3 of the total of required events have occurred. This intermediate analysis can be avoided if, at the time in which it must be carried out, it is estimated that the final analysis will be carried out in 4 months. Taking into account a 10% percentage of losses, 378 patients are expected to be included in the study. An intermediate safety evaluation will be carried out when 63 patients have finished their treatment in each treatment arm. A multicenter, randomized phase III clinical trial. After verifying the selection criteria, the patients will be randomized to receive letrozole alone or in combination with bevacizumab. Before randomization, the patients will be stratified according to the following prognosis factors: * Estrogen Receptor (ER)+ / Progesterone Receptor (PgR)+ vs the other options (ER+/PgR- vs ER-/PgR+) * Previous adjuvant hormonotherapy (yes/no) * Status: locally advanced vs metastatic. * Measurable vs non measurable disease * Visceral disease (yes/no) * PFS.
Interventions
DRUGLetrozole
DRUGBevacizumab
DRUGFulvestrant
Sponsors
Hoffmann-La Roche
GBG Forschungs GmbH
Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Before starting the specific protocol procedures, the written informed consent must be obtained and documented. 2. Women ≥ 18 years. 3. Capacity to comply with all the protocol requirements. 4. Functional Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status of 0 or 1. 5. Life expectancy ≥ 24 weeks. 6. Histologically confirmed breast adenocarcinoma, with measurable or non-measurable, locally advanced or metastatic (stage IV) disease. In the event that the patient only has locally advanced disease, she will not be able to undergo curative local treatment. Patients with metastasis confined to the bone can be chosen, but the disease must be confirmed by radiology, CT scan or Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) if there is any doubt after a single bone scan. 7. Patients with HER2-negative disease evaluated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)/Chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) (IHC 0 or 1+, or 2+ and negative FISH). Patients with 3+ by IHC cannot be chosen regardless of the FISH/CISH status and those with positive FISH/CISH (\> 2 amplifications) cannot be chosen either, regardless of the IHC findings. 8. Positive hormone receptors (estrogen receptor \[ER\] and/or progesterone receptor \[PgR\]) evaluated by a local or central laboratory, according to the criteria of the participating institution. 9. Patients who are candidates for receiving first-line treatment with letrozole. 10. Patients may have received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, provided that the last dose of the latter was received at least 12 months before randomization. Patients must be recovered from toxicity. 11. The patients are allowed to have received adjuvant radiotherapy, provided that it was completed at least 6 weeks before randomization and the patient has recovered from the reversible acute effects of the radiation. The previous administration of radiotherapy to palliate the pain of bone metastases is authorized, provided that: * Not more than 30% of bone marrow has been irradiated. * The patient has recovered from the reversible acute effects of the radiation. * The patient has at least one metastatic location which has not been irradiated and which may be evaluated for progression, or a clear progression of the bone disease has been objectified after the end of the palliative radiotherapy. 12. The patients may have received any kind of previous (neo)adjuvant hormone therapy provided that they are considered to be candidates for first-line hormonotherapy with either letrozole or fulvestrant. 13. The treatment with bisphosphonates is allowed and recommended for patients with bone metastases. Whenever it is possible, the treatment should be started before or within the 4 weeks of starting the study therapy. The patients starting treatment with bisphosphonates must be carefully evaluated so that they do not mask the progression of the disease. 14. In the patients with heart failure risk (e.g. previously treated with \> 360mg/m2 of doxorubicin or equivalent doses of other anthracyclines), the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) must be determined by means of an echocardiogram or radionuclide ventriculography (MUGA), and it must t be \> the lower limit of normal.
Exclusion criteria
1. Evolutionary disease requiring an immediate treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy according to the investigator's judgment. 2. Patients with locally advanced breast cancer who are expected to undergo surgery or curative radiotherapy. 3. Previous chemotherapy or hormonotherapy for the metastatic disease. Patients may have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant hormonotherapy with curative intention as a part or as an alternative to an adjuvant treatment. For the previous neoadjuvant hormonotherapy the same premises than for the adjuvant hormonotherapy are valid. 4. Previous therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or VEGF Receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. 5. History of another pathology that may affect the development of the protocol or the interpretation of results. It is considered that patients who have suffered from a skin carcinoma that is not melanoma, cervical carcinoma in situ or another neoplasia treated with a curative intention and with a disease-free interval exceeding 5 years can be chosen. 6. Evidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. A CT scan or brain NMR must be done within the 4 weeks before the randomization in case of suspecting brain metastasis. 7. History or evidence in the physical or neurological examination of CNS pathology unrelated to cancer unless it is suitable treated with standard therapy (e.g. uncontrolled convulsions). 8. History of peripheral neuropathy National Cancer Institute (NCI) CTCAE grade \>2 at the time of randomization. 9. Patients subjected to major surgical procedures, open biopsies or those having significant trauma injuries within the 28 days prior to randomization, or patients who are expected to undergo a major surgical procedure that must necessarily be performed within the course of the study. 10. Minor surgical procedures in the 7 days prior to randomization. 11. Unsuitable bone marrow supply: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \< 1.5 x 109/L, platelets \< 100 x 109/L or Hb \< 10 g/dL. 12. Impaired liver function: total bilirubin total \> 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \> 2.5 x ULN (\> 5 x ULN in patients with liver metastases). 13. Impaired kidney function: 1. Serum creatinine \> 2.0 mg/dL or 177 µmol/L. 2. Proteinuria determined by reactive strip \> 2+. A 24h determination of proteins in urine will be requested for the patients with \> 2+ in the baseline analysis and must have a protein figure \< 1 g/24 h. 14. Chronic treatment with oral corticoids (dose \> 10 mg/day of methylprednisolone or equivalent): the use of inhaled corticoids is allowed. 15. Chronic treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (\> 325 mg/day) or clopidogrel (\> 75 mg/day). 16. Uncontrolled arterial hypertension (systolic \> 150 mm Hg and/or diastolic \> 100 mm Hg) or clinically significant cardiovascular disease: for example cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (in the 6 months prior to randomization), coronaropathy or history of acute mycardial infarction (AMI) in the last 6 months, unstable angina, congestive heart failure of grade \> II of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) or severe heart arrhythmias which are not controlled with medication or which can potentially interfere with the study treatment. 17. History or evidence of hemorrhagic diathesis or coagulopathy with bleeding risk. 18. History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation or intra-abdominal abcess in the 6 months prior to randomization. 19. Active infection requiring i.v. antibiotics at the time of randomization. 20. Unhealed wounds, active peptic ulcer, esophageal varices. 21. Any other disease, psychological or metabolic alteration, found in the physical or laboratory examination, providing reasonable indications for suspecting a disease or complaint for which the use of any of the study drugs are contraindicated, or which may affect the patient's compliance with the routine procedures of the study or which places the patient at a high risk of experiencing complications related to the treatment. 22. Current or recent (within 30 days prior to that start of the study treatment) treatment with another drug under investigation or participation in another investigation study. 23. Known hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs or their components. 24. Hypersensitivity to the products of Chinese hamster ovary cells or to other human or humanized recombinant antibodies.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-free Survival (PFS) | Up to 2 years | PFS was defined as the time elapsed from randomization until the date in which the progression of the disease or the death for any reason (whichever occurs first) is documented. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Treatment Failure (TTF) | Up to 2 years | TTF was defined as the time elapsed since randomization until the date the treatment is discontinued for any reason (progression disease, treatment toxicity or death). |
| Overall Survival (OS) | Up to 2 years | OS was defined as the time elapsed since randomization, until the time in which death occurs for any reason. The patients lost in the follow-up will be censured at the date of the last follow-up. |
| Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 2 years | ORR to treatment is reflected by a frequency table containing the data of the best overall response (Complete Response, Partial Response,Stable Disease or Progressive Disease) experienced for each patient during treatment (recorded from the start of the treatment until disease progression) per arm. |
| Response Duration (RD) | Up to 2 years | RD was defined as the time elapsed from when a partial or complete response is verified until the time in which progression or death occurs. |
| Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) | Up to 2 years | CBR was defined as the percentage of patients achieving a Complete Response (CR), a Partial Response (PR) or a stabilization of the disease (SD) \> 6 months: the response will be evaluated according to the RECIST criteria. In the patients without measurable disease at the baseline time, the clinical benefit will be defined as the absence of progression \> 6 months. |
Countries
Germany, Spain
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Endocrine Therapy (ET) Endocrine treatment consisting of either letrozole or fulvestrant. Patients will be randomized to receive bevacizumab 15mg/kg every 3 weeks plus endocrine treatment or endocrine treatment as a single agent. The patients will receive the assigned treatment until the progression of the disease, unacceptable toxicity or withdrawal of the consent.
Letrozole
Fulvestrant | 184 |
| Arm B: ET With Bevacizumab (ET-B) Endocrine treatment consisting of either letrozole or fulvestrant. Patients will be randomized to receive bevacizumab 15mg/kg i.v. on day 1 every 3 weeks plus endocrine treatment or endocrine treatment as a single agent. The patients will receive the assigned treatment until the progression of the disease, unacceptable toxicity or withdrawal of the consent.
Letrozole
Bevacizumab
Fulvestrant | 190 |
| Total | 374 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 0 | 31 |
| Overall Study | Death | 0 | 8 |
| Overall Study | Disease Progression | 131 | 98 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 2 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 6 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Protocol Violation | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Treatment not received | 5 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 3 | 14 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm B: ET With Bevacizumab (ET-B) | Total | Arm A: Endocrine Therapy (ET) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 64 years | 65 years | 66 years |
| Bone disease Not present | 66 Participants | 132 Participants | 66 Participants |
| Bone disease Present | 124 Participants | 242 Participants | 118 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status ECOG 0 | 139 Participants | 270 Participants | 131 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status ECOG 1 | 51 Participants | 104 Participants | 53 Participants |
| Measurable disease Measurable | 142 Participants | 288 Participants | 146 Participants |
| Measurable disease Non measurable | 48 Participants | 86 Participants | 38 Participants |
| Number of metastatic sites Multiple | 110 Participants | 227 Participants | 117 Participants |
| Number of metastatic sites Single | 80 Participants | 147 Participants | 67 Participants |
| Previous (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy Cyclophosphamide+methotrexate+fluorouracil (CMF) | 18 Participants | 39 Participants | 21 Participants |
| Previous (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy No previous (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy | 107 Participants | 203 Participants | 96 Participants |
| Previous (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy Other | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Previous (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy Taxanes, anthracyclines, or both | 65 Participants | 131 Participants | 66 Participants |
| Previous (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy No previous (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy | 90 Participants | 179 Participants | 89 Participants |
| Previous (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy Previous (neo)adjuvant therapy: Antiestrogens | 64 Participants | 122 Participants | 58 Participants |
| Previous (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy Previous (neo)adjuvant therapy:Aromatase inhibitor | 8 Participants | 21 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Previous (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy Previous (neo)adjuvant therapy: Both | 28 Participants | 52 Participants | 24 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Germany | 55 participants | 110 participants | 53 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Spain | 135 participants | 270 participants | 131 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 190 Participants | 374 Participants | 184 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Stage of disease at study entry Locally advanced | 5 Participants | 11 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Stage of disease at study entry Metastatic | 185 Participants | 363 Participants | 178 Participants |
| Visceral disease Non visceral | 100 Participants | 196 Participants | 96 Participants |
| Visceral disease Visceral | 90 Participants | 178 Participants | 88 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 184 | 8 / 190 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 184 / 184 | 190 / 190 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 21 / 184 | 64 / 190 |
Outcome results
Primary
Progression-free Survival (PFS)
PFS was defined as the time elapsed from randomization until the date in which the progression of the disease or the death for any reason (whichever occurs first) is documented.
Time frame: Up to 2 years
Population: Arm A: 189 patients were randomized, but only 184 started treatment due to patient´s wish.~Arm B: 191 patients were randomized, but only 190 started treatment due to patient´s wish.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Endocrine Therapy (ET) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | 14.4 Months |
| Arm B: ET With Bevacizumab (ET-B) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | 19.3 Months |
Secondary
Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR)
CBR was defined as the percentage of patients achieving a Complete Response (CR), a Partial Response (PR) or a stabilization of the disease (SD) \> 6 months: the response will be evaluated according to the RECIST criteria. In the patients without measurable disease at the baseline time, the clinical benefit will be defined as the absence of progression \> 6 months.
Time frame: Up to 2 years
Population: Arm A: 189 patients were randomized, but only 184 started treatment due to patient´s wish.~Arm B: 191 patients were randomized, but only 190 started treatment due to patient´s wish.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Endocrine Therapy (ET) | Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) | 124 Participants |
| Arm B: ET With Bevacizumab (ET-B) | Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) | 146 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Response Rate (ORR)
ORR to treatment is reflected by a frequency table containing the data of the best overall response (Complete Response, Partial Response,Stable Disease or Progressive Disease) experienced for each patient during treatment (recorded from the start of the treatment until disease progression) per arm.
Time frame: 2 years
Population: Only patients with measurable lesions were taken into account
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Endocrine Therapy (ET) | Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 32 Participants |
| Arm B: ET With Bevacizumab (ET-B) | Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 58 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS)
OS was defined as the time elapsed since randomization, until the time in which death occurs for any reason. The patients lost in the follow-up will be censured at the date of the last follow-up.
Time frame: Up to 2 years
Population: Arm A: 189 patients were randomized, but only 184 started treatment due to patient´s wish.~Arm B: 191 patients were randomized, but only 190 started treatment due to patient´s wish.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Endocrine Therapy (ET) | Overall Survival (OS) | 51.8 Months |
| Arm B: ET With Bevacizumab (ET-B) | Overall Survival (OS) | 52.1 Months |
Secondary
Response Duration (RD)
RD was defined as the time elapsed from when a partial or complete response is verified until the time in which progression or death occurs.
Time frame: Up to 2 years
Population: Only patients with partial or complete response were taken into account
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Endocrine Therapy (ET) | Response Duration (RD) | 13.32 Months |
| Arm B: ET With Bevacizumab (ET-B) | Response Duration (RD) | 17.59 Months |
Secondary
Time to Treatment Failure (TTF)
TTF was defined as the time elapsed since randomization until the date the treatment is discontinued for any reason (progression disease, treatment toxicity or death).
Time frame: Up to 2 years
Population: Arm A: 189 patients were randomized, but only 184 started treatment due to patient´s wish.~Arm B: 191 patients were randomized, but only 190 started treatment due to patient´s wish.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Endocrine Therapy (ET) | Time to Treatment Failure (TTF) | 14.4 Months |
| Arm B: ET With Bevacizumab (ET-B) | Time to Treatment Failure (TTF) | 15.1 Months |