Breast Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
stage IA breast cancer, stage IB breast cancer, stage II breast cancer, stage IIIA breast cancer, stage IIIB breast cancer, stage IIIC breast cancer, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer
Brief summary
RATIONALE: Estrogen can cause the growth of breast cancer cells. Hormone therapy using tamoxifen may fight breast cancer by blocking use of estrogen by the tumor cells. Anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane may fight breast cancer by lowering the amount of estrogen the body makes. It is not yet known whether giving tamoxifen followed by anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane is more effective than giving anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane alone in treating breast cancer. PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying giving tamoxifen followed by either anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane to see how well it works compared to anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane alone in treating postmenopausal women with hormone-responsive invasive breast cancer that has been completely removed by surgery.
Detailed description
OBJECTIVES: * To compare sequential tamoxifen for 2 years followed by anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane for 3 years vs anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane for 5 years in terms of disease-free survival in postmenopausal women with nonrecurrent, nonmetastatic invasive endocrine-responsive breast cancer. * To compare disease-free survival in patients treated with anastrozole vs letrozole vs exemestane. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to hormone receptor status (estrogen receptor \[ER\]-positive and progesterone \[PgR\] receptor-positive disease vs ER-positive and PgR-negative disease vs ER-negative and PgR-positive disease vs ER- or PgR-positive disease or ER or PgR status unknown), HER-2/neu status (positive \[3+ by IHC or positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH)\] vs negative vs unknown), prior chemotherapy (none vs adjuvant vs neoadjuvant vs both adjuvant and neoadjuvant), and nodal status (pN0 vs pN1 vs pN2 vs pN3). Patients are randomized to 1 of 6 treatment arms. * Arm I: Patients receive oral anastrozole once daily for 5 years. * Arm II: Patients receive oral exemestane once daily for 5 years. * Arm III: Patients receive oral letrozole once daily for 5 years. * Arm IV: Patients receive oral tamoxifen citrate once daily for 2 years followed by oral anastrazole once daily for 3 years. * Arm V: Patients receive oral tamoxifen citrate once daily for 2 years followed by oral exemestane once daily for 3 years. * Arm VI: Patients receive oral tamoxifen citrate once daily for 2 years followed by oral letrozole once daily for 3 years. Treatment in all arms continues in the absence of disease recurrence or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study therapy, patients are followed periodically.
Interventions
DRUGanastrozole
1 mg per day, orally
DRUGexemestane
25 mg per day, orally
DRUGletrozole
2.5 mg per day, orally
DRUGtamoxifen citrate
20 mg per day, orally
Sponsors
Gruppo Italiano Mammella (GIM)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: * Histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer completely removed by surgery * Any T, any N * No recurrent or metastatic disease * Estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive disease in primary tumor, as defined by 1 of the following: * At least 10% of tumor cells positive by immunohistochemistry * At least 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein by ligand binding assay * Patients with HER-2/neu positive tumors are eligible provided they receive trastuzumab (Herceptin®) according to the registered schedule PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: * Female * Postmenopausal, defined by ≥ 1 of the following: * Age ≥ 60 years * Age 45-59 and satisfying 1 or more of the following criteria: * Amenorrhea for ≥ 12 months AND intact uterus * Amenorrhea (secondary to hysterectomy, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), or chemotherapy) for \< 12 months AND follicle-stimulating hormone within the postmenopausal range * Underwent prior bilateral oophorectomy at any age \>18 years * No concurrent illness that contraindicates adjuvant endocrine treatment * No other invasive breast cancer or invasive malignancy within the past 10 years, except adequately cone-biopsied squamous cell or basal cell skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix * No concurrent disease that would place the patient at unusual risk PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: * See Disease Characteristics * Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy must be completed prior to study entry * At least 1 month since prior and no concurrent HRT * More than 30 days since prior systemic investigational drugs * No prior tamoxifen as part of any breast cancer prevention study * Prior or concurrent locoregional radiotherapy allowed * No other concurrent experimental drugs * No concurrent bisphosphonates, unless indicated as treatment for osteoporosis
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Disease-free survival | 5 years |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Distant metastasis-free survival | 5 years |
| Cumulative incidence of contralateral breast cancer as first event | 5 years |
| Breast cancer-free survival | 5 years |
| Overall Survival | 5 years |
| Effects on lipid profile | 5 years |
| Toxicity as assessed by NCI CTCAE v3.0 | 5 years |
| Cumulative incidence and type of second non-breast invasive cancer | 5 years |
Countries
Italy
Outcome results
None listed