Plaque-Type Psoriasis, Psoriasis-Type Psoriasis
Conditions
Keywords
Apremilast,, Psoriasis,, PASI-75,, sPGA
Brief summary
The study will test the safety and tolerability of Apremilast twice a day in participants with recalcitrant plaque type psoriasis.
Detailed description
This is a phase 2, multicenter, open-label, study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of Apremilast in participants with recalcitrant plaque-type psoriasis. Approximately 31 participants were enrolled and received 20 mg apremilast orally BID and, in participants who are non-responders after 84 days of apremilast, 30 mg Apremilast over the course of the two study treatment phases. The study consisted of four phases: Screening Phase - up to 35 days, Treatment Phase of 84 days, Extension Phase of 84 days and a Observational Follow-up Phase of 28 days. During the Treatment Phase, participants received two 20 mg Apremilast capsules each day. Following the Treatment Phase, participants had the option to continue on treatment during the Extension Phase. During the Extension Phase, participants either continued to take two 20 mg or dose escalated to two 30 mg of Apremilast each day. Participants who were considered responders (achieved a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI-75) at the beginning of the Extension Phase continued on 20 mg twice per day (BID) while the remaining participants received 30 mg capsules BID. The Extension Phase was introduced after some participants had already completed the study; therefore, there were several participants who never had the opportunity to continue into the Extension Phase. All participants were asked to participate in a 4-week post-treatment observational follow-up phase either upon completion of the study or upon discontinuation of study drug for those participants who terminated the study early.
Interventions
DRUGApremilast
20 mg PO (by mouth) twice per day (BID) for 84 days and then an additional 84 days during the optional treatment extension period. For subjects meeting the dose escalation criteria, dosage during the optional treatment extension period can be increased to 30 mg BID.
Sponsors
Amgen
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Must understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent form * Must be male or female subject of any ethnic origin or race that is \>18 years at time of consent * Must have a documented history of plaque-type psoriasis for at least 6 months prior to screening visit * Subjects must fulfill criteria outlined in at least one of the following clinical categories: * Unresponsive to standard systemic therapy, as defined by clinical history, in the investigator's opinion, i.e. inadequate response to one or more adequate treatment course (s) of standard systemic therapy * Intolerant to or cannot receive (e.g., contraindication to prescribe) standard systemic therapy or biological interventions for psoriasis * Must have a Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) score of at least 3 and a Body surface area (BSA) ≥ 10% at screening * Must meet the specified laboratory criteria: o Must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and study protocol requirements * Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative urine pregnancy test at screening (Visit 1). In addition, FCBP must agree to use two of the following adequate forms of contraception methods such as oral, injectable, or implantable hormonal contraception; tubal ligation; intrauterine device; barrier contraceptive with spermicide or vasectomized partner while on study. A FCBP must agree to have pregnancy tests every 4 weeks while on study medication. * Males (including those who have had a vasectomy) must agree to use barrier contraception (latex condoms) when engaging in sexual activity with FCBP
Exclusion criteria
* History of clinically significant (as determined by the investigator) cardiac, endocrinologic, pulmonary, neurologic, psychiatric, hepatic, renal, hematologic, immunologic, or other major disease * Any condition, including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which places the subject at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study or confounds the ability to interpret data from the study * Pregnant or lactating females * History of active tuberculosis (TB) infection within 3 years prior to the screening visit. Infections which occurred \> 3 years prior to entry must have been effectively treated * History of incompletely treated latent (as indicated by a positive PPD \[purified protein derivative\] skin results) TB infection * Clinically significant abnormality on the chest x-ray (CXR) at screening * Psoriasis flare within 30 days of screening, as defined by protocol * Use of systemic therapy for psoriasis within 28 days of Visit 2 (Baseline). * Topical therapy as defined in the protocol Adalimumab, etanercept, efalizumab or infliximab use within 56 days of Visit 2 (Baseline) * Alefacept use within 180 days of Visit 2 (Baseline) * Phototherapy Ultraviolet light A (UVA), Ultraviolet light B (UVB), Psoralens and long-wave ultraviolet radiation (PUVA) within 28 days of Visit 2 (Baseline) * Use of any investigational drug within 28 days of Visit 2 (Baseline), or 5 half lives if known (whichever is longer) Clinically significant abnormality on 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) at screening
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase | Week 0 to Week 12 | TEAE = any AE occurring or worsening on or after the first treatment with any study drug. Related = suspected by investigator to be related to study treatment. National Cancer Institute \[NCI\] Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\], Version 3.0, grades: 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = life threatening, 5 = death. Adverse event (AE) = any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence occurring at any dose that may appear or worsen in a participant during the course of a study, including new intercurrent illness, worsening concomitant illness, injury, or any concomitant impairment of participant's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. Serious adverse event (SAE) = any AE which results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; constitutes an important medical event. |
| Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | Week 12 to Week 24 | TEAE = any AE occurring or worsening on or after the first treatment with any study drug. Related = suspected by investigator to be related to study treatment. National Cancer Institute \[NCI\] Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\], Version 3.0, grades: 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = life threatening, 5 = death. Adverse event (AE) = any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence occurring at any dose that may appear or worsen in a participant during the course of a study, including new intercurrent illness, worsening concomitant illness, injury, or any concomitant impairment of participant's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. Serious adverse event (SAE) = any AE which: results in death; is life-threatening; requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; constitutes an important medical event. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a PASI-75 Score at Week 12 | Baseline to Week 12 | PASI-75 response is the percentage of participants who achieved at least a 75% reduction (improvement) from baseline in PASI score at Week 12. The improvement in PASI score was used as a measure of efficacy. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the4 anatomic regions was scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a PASI-50 Score at Week 12 | Baseline to Week 12 | PASI -50 response is the percentage of participants who achieved at least a 50% reduction (improvement) from baseline in PASI score at Week 12. The improvement in PASI score was used as a measure of efficacy. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head,trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the4 anatomic regions was scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. |
| Maximal PASI Response Documented for Each Participant During Treatment Phase | Baseline to Week 12 | PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head,trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the 4 anatomic regions is scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) is multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. These values for each anatomic region are summed to yield the PASI score. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the Psoriasis Affected Body Surface Area (BSA) Involvement at Week 12 | Baseline to Week 12 | The BSA estimate was based on the palm area of the hand of the participant which equates to 1% of the total body surface area. |
| Time to Clinically Relevant Response (Time to Achieve PASI-50) During Treatment Phase | — | Time to clinically relevant response (time to achieve PASI-50) during treatment phase was not analyzed. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head,trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the4 anatomic regions was scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. These values for each anatomic region are summed to yield the PASI score. |
| Time to Achieve PASI-75 During Treatment Phase | — | Time to achieve PASI-75 during treatment phase was not analyzed. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the4 anatomic regions was scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. These values for each anatomic region are summed to yield the PASI score. |
| Time to Relapse of Psoriasis (50% Loss of Maximal PASI Score Improvement in Participants Who Achieved at Least PASI-50 During the Treatment Phase) During the Observational Follow up Phase | 28-day Observational Follow-up Phase; Days 168 to Day 196. | Time to relapse of psoriasis (50% loss of maximal PASI score improvement in participants who achieved at least PASI-50 during the treatment phase) during the observational follow up phase was not analyzed. Time to relapse of psoriasis was defined as a 50% loss of maximal PASI score improvement in participants who achieved at least PASI-50 during the treatment or extension phase. The lesion on each area of the body was assessed for redness, thickness, and scaling. |
| Percent of Participants With Psoriatic Arthritis Who Achieved an American College of Rheumatology 20% Improvement (ACR-20) Response at Week 12 | Baseline to Week 12 | A participant was a responder if the following 3 criteria for improvement from baseline were met: * ≥ 20% improvement in 78 tender joint count; * ≥ 20% improvement in 76 swollen joint count; and * ≥ 20% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: Patient's assessment of pain (measured on a 100 mm visual analog scale \[VAS\]); Patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 100 mm VAS); Physician's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 100 mm VAS); Patient's self-assessment of physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI)); C-Reactive Protein. |
| Time to Relapse of Psoriatic Arthritis During the Observational Follow-up Phase | Observational follow up phase; Days 168 to Day 196 | A relapse was defined as a 50% loss of maximal American College of Rheumatoid (ACR) Score improvement in participants with psoriatic arthritis who achieved at least an ACR 20 score during the treatment phase. Relapses were only captured prior to the prescription of concomitant psoriatic treatment. |
| Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time-curve From 0 to 12 Hours Post Dose (AUC 0-12) | Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose | Plasma concentrations of apremilast were determined using validated chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods (LC-MS/MS). For Day 1, AUC0-12 was calculated, using linear trapezoidal area method in WinNonlin (linear-linear trapezoidal). For Days 85 and 169/170, the AUC during a dosing interval (12 hours) (AUC0-12), was calculated at steady-state using the partial area function within WinNonlin. . |
| Peak (Maximum) Plasma Concentration of Medication (Cmax) | Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose | The maximum observed plasma concentration of apremilast (Cmax); the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was obtained directly from the observed concentration-time data on Days 1, 85, and 169/170, respectively. |
| Trough Plasma Concentration (Cmin) | Day 85 Pre-dose | The trough observed plasma concentration of apremilast (Cmin) was determined directly from the observed pre-AM dose concentration on Day 85. |
| Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) During the Treatment Phase | Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose | The time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was obtained directly from the observed concentration-time data on Day 85. Actual times utilized were used for reporting Tmax values. |
| Terminal Phase Elimination Half Life of Apremilast (t½) | Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose | Terminal phase elimination half-life (t1/2) was calculated as follows: t1/2 = 0.693/λz. The terminal elimination rate constant (λZ) was estimated by linear regression of the log-transformed concentration-time data. |
| Apparent Total Clearance of Apremilast From Plasma After Extravascular Administration (CLz/F) During the Treatment Phase | Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose | The apparent total clearance of apremilast from plasma after extravascular administration (CLz/F); for Day 1, apparent clearance of drug from plasma (CL/F) was not calculated. For Day 85, Apparent clearance of drug from plasma after extravascular administration (CL/F) was calculated as follows: CL/F= Dose/AUC\^12 where τ=12. |
| Apparent Total Volume of Distribution During the Terminal Phase After Extravascular Administration (Vz/F) During the Treatment Phase | Day 85 | Apparent volume of distribution during the terminal phase after extravascular administration (Vz/F) (for Days 1, 85, and 169/170) 1. For Day 1, Vz/F was not calculated. 2. For Days 85 and 169/170, apparent volume of distribution of drug (V/z) based on the terminal phase was calculated as follows: Vz/F=Dose/(λ\*AUC\^12) |
| Accumulation Index (R) | Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose | Accumulation represents the relationship between the dosing interval and the rate of elimination for the drug. |
| Mean Residence Time (MRT) During the Treatment Phase | Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose | Mean Residence Time (MRT) is defined as the mean duration of time the drug spends in the body. The average concentration at steady state (Cavg) (for Day 85 was calculated as follows: Cavg = (Day 85 AUC0-12)/(12). |
| Percent Change From Baseline of CD56 in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Change From Baseline in Peripheral Blood T Cell, B Cell, and NK Cell Subsets at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | T cells or T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, play a role in cell-mediated immunity. T cells are distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface and mature in the thymus. B cells, a type of lymphocyte in the humoral immunity of the adaptive immune system can be distinguished by the presence of a protein on the B cells outer surface called a B cell receptor (BCR). This receptor protein allows a B cell to bind to a specific antigen and make antibodies against antigens \[(antigen-presenting cells APCs)\], and to develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction. Natural Killer Cells (NK) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. Their role is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in the vertebrate adaptive immune response. They constitute the third kind of cells differentiated from the common lymphoid progenitor generating B and T lymphocytes and mature in the bone marrow. |
| Percent Change From Baseline of CD3 in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Percent Change From Baseline of CD3 in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Percent Change From Baseline of CD 11c in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Percent Change From Baseline of CD11c in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Percent Change From Baseline of CD56 in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Percent Change From Baseline of Langerin in the Dermis of Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Percent Change From Baseline of Langerin in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Percent Change From Baseline of Epidermal Thickness in the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the Inducible Nitric Oxide (iNOS) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the Interleukin (IL) IL-22 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the p40 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the Defensin Beta 4 (DEFB4) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) i being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the keratin16 (K16) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the pluripotent19 (P19) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the IL8 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the MX1 (Gene That Encodes the Interferon-induced p78 Protein) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the IL17A Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the Tumor Necrosing Factor (TNF) Alpha Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Week 0 to Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the Interferon (INF) Gamma Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the IL10 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the Chemokine Ligand (CXCL9) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the IL2 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in the Dendritic Cell (CD83) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | Baseline and Week 12 | Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured. |
| Change From Baseline in the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at Week 12 | Baseline to Week 12 | DLQI was the dermatology-specific quality of life (QOL) measure used for the psoriatic population. The DLQI was a validated, self-administered, 10-item questionnaire that measures the impact of skin disease on a participants QoL, based on recall over the past week. Domains include symptoms, feelings, daily activities, leisure, work, personal relationships, and treatment. Possible responses for each of the 10 items are: not at all, a little, a lot, and very much. Each question is rated on a scale of 0 to 3 with a total range of 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater impact of disease on QOL |
| Change From Baseline in the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) Scores, Mental and Physical Components to Week 12 | Baseline to Week 12 | The SF-36 was a self-administered instrument consisting of 8 multi-item scales that assess 8 health domains: 1) limitations in physical activities because of health problems; 2) limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; 3) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; 4) bodily pain; 5) general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); 6) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; 7) vitality (energy and fatigue); and 8) general health perceptions. A higher score post-baseline is indicative of improvement in the disease state. The summary physical health score included physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain and general health. The summary mental health score included: vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health. The resulting score for each subscale is then standardized, to obtain values ranging from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating a better QOL. |
| Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time-curve From 0 to 12 Hours Post Dose (AUC 0-12) During the Extension Phase | Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose | Plasma concentrations of apremilast were determined using validated chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods (LC-MS/MS). |
| Peak (Maximum) Plasma Concentration of Apremilast (Cmax) During the Extension Phase | Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose | The maximum observed plasma concentration of CC-10004 (Cmax); the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was obtained directly from the observed concentration-time data on Days 169/170. |
| Percentage of Participants With at Least a 1 Point Reduction on 0 to 5 Point Scale From Baseline in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The static Physician's Global Assessment (sPGA) rated the investigator's overall clinical assessment of a participants plaque thickness, erythema, and scaling on a 6-point scale ranging from 0 (clear, except for residual discoloration) to 5 (majority of plaques have severe thickness, erythema, and scale). To assign a sPGA score, the investigator examined all psoriatic lesions and assigned a severity score ranging from 0 to 5 for thickness, erythema, and scaling. Scores for thickness, erythema, and scaling are summed and the mean of these 3 scores equals the overall sPGA score. Decreases in sPGA correspond to clinical improvement. |
| Terminal Phase Elimination Half Life of Apremilast (t½) During the Extension Phase | Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose | Terminal phase elimination half-life (t1/2) was calculated as follows: t1/2 = 0.693/λz. The terminal elimination rate constant (λZ) was estimated by linear regression of the log-transformed concentration-time data. |
| Apparent Total Clearance of Apremilast From Plasma After Extravascular Administration (CL/F) During the Extension Phase | Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose | For 169/170, apparent clearance of drug from plasma after extravascular administration (CL/F) was calculated as follows: CL/F= Dose/AUC12 |
| Apparent Total Volume of Distribution During the Terminal Phase After Extravascular Administration (Vz/F) During the Extension Phase | Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose | For Days 169/170, apparent volume of distribution of drug (V/z) based on the terminal phase was calculated as follows: Vz/F=Dose/(λ\*AUC12) where λ = the terminal elimination rate constant |
| Accumulation Index During the Extension Phase | Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose | Accumulation represents the relationship between the dosing interval and the rate of elimination for the drug. |
| Mean Residence Time (MRT) During the Extension Phase | Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose | Mean Residence Time (MRT) is defined as the mean duration of time the drug spends in the body. The average concentration at steady state (Cavg) (for Days169/170) was calculated as follows: Cavg = (Day 169/170)/(12) |
| Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) During the Extension Phase | Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose | The time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was obtained directly from the observed concentration-time data on Day 169/170. Actual times utilized were used for reporting Tmax values. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) Score at Week 12 | Baseline and Week 12 | The PASI score was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the 4 anatomic regions is scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. These values for each anatomic region are summed to yield the PASI score. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants must have had a diagnosis of plaque-type psoriasis for at least 6 months and had an insufficient response, were unresponsive, intolerant of, or had medical contraindications to standard systemic therapy or biological treatment for plaque-type psoriasis. The study was conducted at 4 sites in the U.S. from 20 August 2007 to 12 May 2009.
Pre-assignment details
The study consisted of a 12-week treatment phase, a 12-week treatment extension phase and a 4-week observational follow-up phase. Participants could enter the follow-up phase at any time during the study. Some participants had completed the study before the extension phase was added and therefore never had the opportunity to participate.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg (Treatment Phase) Apremilast 20mg capsules by PO BID for Days 1 through 85 administered during the treatment phase | 30 |
| Total | 30 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Extension Phase | Death | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Treatment Extension Phase | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Treatment Phase | Adverse Event | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Phase | Intolerability to study drug | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Phase | Lack of Efficacy | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Phase | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Phase | Protocol Violation | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Phase | Withdrawal by Subject | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Apremilast 20 mg (Treatment Phase) |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 46.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.43 |
| Mean Body Surface Area (BSA) Involvement | 22.4 Percentage of BSA STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.85 |
| Mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score | 17.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.77 |
| Recalcitrant Psoriasis History | 10.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.36 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 19 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 25 / 30 | 4 / 4 | 4 / 7 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 30 | 0 / 4 | 1 / 7 |
Outcome results
Primary
Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase
TEAE = any AE occurring or worsening on or after the first treatment with any study drug. Related = suspected by investigator to be related to study treatment. National Cancer Institute \[NCI\] Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\], Version 3.0, grades: 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = life threatening, 5 = death. Adverse event (AE) = any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence occurring at any dose that may appear or worsen in a participant during the course of a study, including new intercurrent illness, worsening concomitant illness, injury, or any concomitant impairment of participant's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. Serious adverse event (SAE) = any AE which: results in death; is life-threatening; requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; constitutes an important medical event.
Time frame: Week 12 to Week 24
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication in treatment Extension Phase.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | ≥ 1 AE | 4 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | ≥ 1 SAE | 0 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | ≥ 1 AE with a suspected relationship to study drug | 0 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | ≥ 1 severe AE | 1 participants |
| Apremilast 20mg/30mg (Extension Phase) | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | ≥ 1 SAE | 1 participants |
| Apremilast 20mg/30mg (Extension Phase) | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | ≥ 1 AE with a suspected relationship to study drug | 2 participants |
| Apremilast 20mg/30mg (Extension Phase) | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | ≥ 1 severe AE | 1 participants |
| Apremilast 20mg/30mg (Extension Phase) | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Extension Phase | ≥ 1 AE | 5 participants |
Primary
Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase
TEAE = any AE occurring or worsening on or after the first treatment with any study drug. Related = suspected by investigator to be related to study treatment. National Cancer Institute \[NCI\] Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\], Version 3.0, grades: 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = life threatening, 5 = death. Adverse event (AE) = any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence occurring at any dose that may appear or worsen in a participant during the course of a study, including new intercurrent illness, worsening concomitant illness, injury, or any concomitant impairment of participant's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. Serious adverse event (SAE) = any AE which results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; constitutes an important medical event.
Time frame: Week 0 to Week 12
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase | ≥ 1 AE with a suspected relationship to study drug | 13 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase | ≥ 1Severe AE suspected to be related to study drug | 1 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase | ≥ 1 AE | 25 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase | ≥ 1 severe AE | 3 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase | ≥ 1 SAE | 0 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase | ≥ AE leading to study drug discontinuation | 4 participants |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Treatment Phase | >=1 treatment-related AE drug discontinued | 2 participants |
Secondary
Accumulation Index During the Extension Phase
Accumulation represents the relationship between the dosing interval and the rate of elimination for the drug.
Time frame: Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose
Population: Not able to calculate the Accumulation Index at this time point; insufficient data collection for this calculation.
Secondary
Accumulation Index (R)
Accumulation represents the relationship between the dosing interval and the rate of elimination for the drug.
Time frame: Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Accumulation Index (R) | 1.68 ratio | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 53.17 |
Secondary
Apparent Total Clearance of Apremilast From Plasma After Extravascular Administration (CL/F) During the Extension Phase
For 169/170, apparent clearance of drug from plasma after extravascular administration (CL/F) was calculated as follows: CL/F= Dose/AUC12
Time frame: Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast. This analysis was performed for participants with normal renal function only.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Apparent Total Clearance of Apremilast From Plasma After Extravascular Administration (CL/F) During the Extension Phase | 14853.59 mL/hour | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 63.62 |
Secondary
Apparent Total Clearance of Apremilast From Plasma After Extravascular Administration (CLz/F) During the Treatment Phase
The apparent total clearance of apremilast from plasma after extravascular administration (CLz/F); for Day 1, apparent clearance of drug from plasma (CL/F) was not calculated. For Day 85, Apparent clearance of drug from plasma after extravascular administration (CL/F) was calculated as follows: CL/F= Dose/AUC\^12 where τ=12.
Time frame: Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast. This analysis was performed for participants with normal renal function only.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Apparent Total Clearance of Apremilast From Plasma After Extravascular Administration (CLz/F) During the Treatment Phase | 8249.19 mL/hour | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 46.87 |
Secondary
Apparent Total Volume of Distribution During the Terminal Phase After Extravascular Administration (Vz/F) During the Extension Phase
For Days 169/170, apparent volume of distribution of drug (V/z) based on the terminal phase was calculated as follows: Vz/F=Dose/(λ\*AUC12) where λ = the terminal elimination rate constant
Time frame: Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Apparent Total Volume of Distribution During the Terminal Phase After Extravascular Administration (Vz/F) During the Extension Phase | 134734.60 mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 63.7 |
Secondary
Apparent Total Volume of Distribution During the Terminal Phase After Extravascular Administration (Vz/F) During the Treatment Phase
Apparent volume of distribution during the terminal phase after extravascular administration (Vz/F) (for Days 1, 85, and 169/170) 1. For Day 1, Vz/F was not calculated. 2. For Days 85 and 169/170, apparent volume of distribution of drug (V/z) based on the terminal phase was calculated as follows: Vz/F=Dose/(λ\*AUC\^12)
Time frame: Day 85
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Apparent Total Volume of Distribution During the Terminal Phase After Extravascular Administration (Vz/F) During the Treatment Phase | 107616.08 mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 47.03 |
Secondary
Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time-curve From 0 to 12 Hours Post Dose (AUC 0-12)
Plasma concentrations of apremilast were determined using validated chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods (LC-MS/MS). For Day 1, AUC0-12 was calculated, using linear trapezoidal area method in WinNonlin (linear-linear trapezoidal). For Days 85 and 169/170, the AUC during a dosing interval (12 hours) (AUC0-12), was calculated at steady-state using the partial area function within WinNonlin. .
Time frame: Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for Apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time-curve From 0 to 12 Hours Post Dose (AUC 0-12) | 2424.48 ng*hr/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 46.87 |
Secondary
Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time-curve From 0 to 12 Hours Post Dose (AUC 0-12) During the Extension Phase
Plasma concentrations of apremilast were determined using validated chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods (LC-MS/MS).
Time frame: Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time-curve From 0 to 12 Hours Post Dose (AUC 0-12) During the Extension Phase | 2019.71 ng*hr/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 63.62 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Peripheral Blood T Cell, B Cell, and NK Cell Subsets at Week 12
T cells or T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, play a role in cell-mediated immunity. T cells are distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface and mature in the thymus. B cells, a type of lymphocyte in the humoral immunity of the adaptive immune system can be distinguished by the presence of a protein on the B cells outer surface called a B cell receptor (BCR). This receptor protein allows a B cell to bind to a specific antigen and make antibodies against antigens \[(antigen-presenting cells APCs)\], and to develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction. Natural Killer Cells (NK) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. Their role is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in the vertebrate adaptive immune response. They constitute the third kind of cells differentiated from the common lymphoid progenitor generating B and T lymphocytes and mature in the bone marrow.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the peripheral blood T cell, B cell and NK cell subsets at Baseline and Week 12.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Change From Baseline in Peripheral Blood T Cell, B Cell, and NK Cell Subsets at Week 12 | CD 16 + CD 56 (NK cells) | -0.7 percentage of lymphocytes | Standard Deviation 3.05 |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Change From Baseline in Peripheral Blood T Cell, B Cell, and NK Cell Subsets at Week 12 | CD 19 (B-cells) | -0.5 percentage of lymphocytes | Standard Deviation 2.63 |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Change From Baseline in Peripheral Blood T Cell, B Cell, and NK Cell Subsets at Week 12 | CD 3 (T-cells) | 0.6 percentage of lymphocytes | Standard Deviation 2.63 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at Week 12
DLQI was the dermatology-specific quality of life (QOL) measure used for the psoriatic population. The DLQI was a validated, self-administered, 10-item questionnaire that measures the impact of skin disease on a participants QoL, based on recall over the past week. Domains include symptoms, feelings, daily activities, leisure, work, personal relationships, and treatment. Possible responses for each of the 10 items are: not at all, a little, a lot, and very much. Each question is rated on a scale of 0 to 3 with a total range of 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater impact of disease on QOL
Time frame: Baseline to Week 12
Population: Only those with both a baseline and final/termination visit assessment were included in the analyses of change from baseline. Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Change From Baseline in the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at Week 12 | -4.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.66 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) Scores, Mental and Physical Components to Week 12
The SF-36 was a self-administered instrument consisting of 8 multi-item scales that assess 8 health domains: 1) limitations in physical activities because of health problems; 2) limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; 3) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; 4) bodily pain; 5) general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); 6) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; 7) vitality (energy and fatigue); and 8) general health perceptions. A higher score post-baseline is indicative of improvement in the disease state. The summary physical health score included physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain and general health. The summary mental health score included: vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health. The resulting score for each subscale is then standardized, to obtain values ranging from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating a better QOL.
Time frame: Baseline to Week 12
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication. If participant had a missing evaluation for any time point assessments, the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method of imputation was used.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Change From Baseline in the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) Scores, Mental and Physical Components to Week 12 | Mental Component | 0.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.45 |
| Apremilast 20 mg | Change From Baseline in the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) Scores, Mental and Physical Components to Week 12 | Physical Component | 2.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.64 |
Secondary
Maximal PASI Response Documented for Each Participant During Treatment Phase
PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head,trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the 4 anatomic regions is scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) is multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. These values for each anatomic region are summed to yield the PASI score.
Time frame: Baseline to Week 12
Population: Maximal PASI response was not analyzed since similar information was captured in change in psoriasis area severity Index (PASI) score at Day 85, which is week 12.
Secondary
Mean Residence Time (MRT) During the Extension Phase
Mean Residence Time (MRT) is defined as the mean duration of time the drug spends in the body. The average concentration at steady state (Cavg) (for Days169/170) was calculated as follows: Cavg = (Day 169/170)/(12)
Time frame: Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Mean Residence Time (MRT) During the Extension Phase | 168.3092 hours | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 63.6203 |
Secondary
Mean Residence Time (MRT) During the Treatment Phase
Mean Residence Time (MRT) is defined as the mean duration of time the drug spends in the body. The average concentration at steady state (Cavg) (for Day 85 was calculated as follows: Cavg = (Day 85 AUC0-12)/(12).
Time frame: Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Mean Residence Time (MRT) During the Treatment Phase | 202.04 hours | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 46.87 |
Secondary
Peak (Maximum) Plasma Concentration of Apremilast (Cmax) During the Extension Phase
The maximum observed plasma concentration of CC-10004 (Cmax); the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was obtained directly from the observed concentration-time data on Days 169/170.
Time frame: Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for Apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Peak (Maximum) Plasma Concentration of Apremilast (Cmax) During the Extension Phase | 320.35 ng/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 47.64 |
Secondary
Peak (Maximum) Plasma Concentration of Medication (Cmax)
The maximum observed plasma concentration of apremilast (Cmax); the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was obtained directly from the observed concentration-time data on Days 1, 85, and 169/170, respectively.
Time frame: Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for Apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Peak (Maximum) Plasma Concentration of Medication (Cmax) | 364.85 ng/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 38.25 |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a PASI-50 Score at Week 12
PASI -50 response is the percentage of participants who achieved at least a 50% reduction (improvement) from baseline in PASI score at Week 12. The improvement in PASI score was used as a measure of efficacy. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head,trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the4 anatomic regions was scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant.
Time frame: Baseline to Week 12
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication. If participant had a missing evaluation for any time point assessments, the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method of imputation was used.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a PASI-50 Score at Week 12 | 46.7 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a PASI-75 Score at Week 12
PASI-75 response is the percentage of participants who achieved at least a 75% reduction (improvement) from baseline in PASI score at Week 12. The improvement in PASI score was used as a measure of efficacy. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the4 anatomic regions was scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant.
Time frame: Baseline to Week 12
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication. If participant had a missing evaluation for any time point assessments, the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method of imputation was used.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a PASI-75 Score at Week 12 | 30.00 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With at Least a 1 Point Reduction on 0 to 5 Point Scale From Baseline in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) at Week 12
The static Physician's Global Assessment (sPGA) rated the investigator's overall clinical assessment of a participants plaque thickness, erythema, and scaling on a 6-point scale ranging from 0 (clear, except for residual discoloration) to 5 (majority of plaques have severe thickness, erythema, and scale). To assign a sPGA score, the investigator examined all psoriatic lesions and assigned a severity score ranging from 0 to 5 for thickness, erythema, and scaling. Scores for thickness, erythema, and scaling are summed and the mean of these 3 scores equals the overall sPGA score. Decreases in sPGA correspond to clinical improvement.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication. Last Observation Carried Forward.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percentage of Participants With at Least a 1 Point Reduction on 0 to 5 Point Scale From Baseline in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) at Week 12 | 66.7 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) Score at Week 12
The PASI score was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the 4 anatomic regions is scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. These values for each anatomic region are summed to yield the PASI score.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) Score at Week 12 | -59.0 percent change | Standard Deviation 31.59 |
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the Chemokine Ligand (CXCL9) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the Chemokine Ligand (CXCL9) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -36.4 percent change |
p-value: 0.339Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the Defensin Beta 4 (DEFB4) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) i being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the Defensin Beta 4 (DEFB4) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -82.3 percent change |
p-value: 0.014Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the Dendritic Cell (CD83) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the Dendritic Cell (CD83) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | 14.2 percent change |
p-value: 0.622Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the IL10 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the IL10 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -26.5 percent change |
p-value: 0.169Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the IL17A Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the IL17A Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -49.4 percent change |
p-value: 0.031Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the IL2 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the IL2 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -25.0 percent change |
p-value: 0.898Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the IL8 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the IL8 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -66.5 percent change |
p-value: 0.018Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the Inducible Nitric Oxide (iNOS) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the Inducible Nitric Oxide (iNOS) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -100.0 percent change |
p-value: 0.008Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the Interferon (INF) Gamma Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the Interferon (INF) Gamma Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -37.6 percent change |
p-value: 0.539Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the Interleukin (IL) IL-22 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the Interleukin (IL) IL-22 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -100.0 percent change |
p-value: 0.031Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the keratin16 (K16) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the keratin16 (K16) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -78.6 percent change |
p-value: 0.015Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the MX1 (Gene That Encodes the Interferon-induced p78 Protein) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the MX1 (Gene That Encodes the Interferon-induced p78 Protein) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -52.6 percent change |
p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the p40 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the p40 Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -86.7 percent change |
p-value: 0.039Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the pluripotent19 (P19) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the pluripotent19 (P19) Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -68.3 percent change |
p-value: 0.018Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the Psoriasis Affected Body Surface Area (BSA) Involvement at Week 12
The BSA estimate was based on the palm area of the hand of the participant which equates to 1% of the total body surface area.
Time frame: Baseline to Week 12
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the Psoriasis Affected Body Surface Area (BSA) Involvement at Week 12 | -53.0 Percent change in BSA | Standard Deviation 35.5 |
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in the Tumor Necrosing Factor (TNF) Alpha Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies
Inflammatory markers associated with psoriasis (using skin biopsies) were used to detect acute inflammation and as markers of treatment response. The inflammatory markers were measured using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is being measured.
Time frame: Week 0 to Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in the Tumor Necrosing Factor (TNF) Alpha Inflammatory Marker in Psoriatic Skin Biopsies | -42.7 percent change |
p-value: 0.217Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of CD 11c in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of CD 11c in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | -54.6 percent change |
p-value: 0.018Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of CD11c in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of CD11c in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | -88.6 percent change |
p-value: 0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of CD3 in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of CD3 in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | -62.0 percent change |
p-value: 0.013Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of CD3 in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of CD3 in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | -47.4 percent change |
p-value: 0.074Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of CD56 in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of CD56 in the Dermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | -12.5 percent change |
p-value: 0.632Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of CD56 in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of CD56 in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | -73.3 percent change |
p-value: 0.242Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of Epidermal Thickness in the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of Epidermal Thickness in the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | -34.3 percent change |
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of Langerin in the Dermis of Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of Langerin in the Dermis of Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | -57.9 percent change |
p-value: 0.329Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline of Langerin in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12
The aim of the study was to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in participants with plaque psoriasis in skin affected by psoriasis, immune cells enter the skin through blood vessels and cause the epidermis to grow very rapidly and to stop shedding properly. This causes thickening of the skin as well as the scaly build up composed of dead skin cells seen on areas affected by psoriasis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Population: Population includes participants who took at least 1 dose of study medication and were measured for the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Baseline and Week 12. Participation was optional for the pharmacodynamic portion of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent Change From Baseline of Langerin in the Epidermis of the Psoriatic Skin Biopsy at Week 12 | 17.1 percent change |
p-value: 0.13Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Percent of Participants With Psoriatic Arthritis Who Achieved an American College of Rheumatology 20% Improvement (ACR-20) Response at Week 12
A participant was a responder if the following 3 criteria for improvement from baseline were met: * ≥ 20% improvement in 78 tender joint count; * ≥ 20% improvement in 76 swollen joint count; and * ≥ 20% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: Patient's assessment of pain (measured on a 100 mm visual analog scale \[VAS\]); Patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 100 mm VAS); Physician's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 100 mm VAS); Patient's self-assessment of physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI)); C-Reactive Protein.
Time frame: Baseline to Week 12
Population: Safety population consisted of all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study medication. Last observation carried forward was used. Only a small percentage of participants had psoriatic arthritis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Percent of Participants With Psoriatic Arthritis Who Achieved an American College of Rheumatology 20% Improvement (ACR-20) Response at Week 12 | 25.0 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Terminal Phase Elimination Half Life of Apremilast (t½)
Terminal phase elimination half-life (t1/2) was calculated as follows: t1/2 = 0.693/λz. The terminal elimination rate constant (λZ) was estimated by linear regression of the log-transformed concentration-time data.
Time frame: Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Terminal Phase Elimination Half Life of Apremilast (t½) | 7.832 Liters | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 26.031 |
Secondary
Terminal Phase Elimination Half Life of Apremilast (t½) During the Extension Phase
Terminal phase elimination half-life (t1/2) was calculated as follows: t1/2 = 0.693/λz. The terminal elimination rate constant (λZ) was estimated by linear regression of the log-transformed concentration-time data.
Time frame: Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for Apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Terminal Phase Elimination Half Life of Apremilast (t½) During the Extension Phase | 6.287 hours | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 22.879 |
Secondary
Time to Achieve PASI-75 During Treatment Phase
Time to achieve PASI-75 during treatment phase was not analyzed. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the4 anatomic regions was scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. These values for each anatomic region are summed to yield the PASI score.
Population: Time to achieve PASI-75 was not analyzed, due to the small number of participants enrolled and who achieved PASI-75.
Secondary
Time to Clinically Relevant Response (Time to Achieve PASI-50) During Treatment Phase
Time to clinically relevant response (time to achieve PASI-50) during treatment phase was not analyzed. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head,trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the4 anatomic regions was scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The total qualitative score (sum of erythema, thickness, and scaling scores) was multiplied by the degree of involvement for each anatomic region and then multiplied by a constant. These values for each anatomic region are summed to yield the PASI score.
Population: Time to achieve PASI-50 was not analyzed since the study enrolled a small number of participants and the number of participants who achieved PASI-50 was even smaller.
Secondary
Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) During the Extension Phase
The time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was obtained directly from the observed concentration-time data on Day 169/170. Actual times utilized were used for reporting Tmax values.
Time frame: Day 169 pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12, 24 and 36 hours after AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for Apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) During the Extension Phase | 1.59 hours | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 42 |
Secondary
Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) During the Treatment Phase
The time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was obtained directly from the observed concentration-time data on Day 85. Actual times utilized were used for reporting Tmax values.
Time frame: Day 85 Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the AM dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) During the Treatment Phase | 2.00 hours |
Secondary
Time to Relapse of Psoriasis (50% Loss of Maximal PASI Score Improvement in Participants Who Achieved at Least PASI-50 During the Treatment Phase) During the Observational Follow up Phase
Time to relapse of psoriasis (50% loss of maximal PASI score improvement in participants who achieved at least PASI-50 during the treatment phase) during the observational follow up phase was not analyzed. Time to relapse of psoriasis was defined as a 50% loss of maximal PASI score improvement in participants who achieved at least PASI-50 during the treatment or extension phase. The lesion on each area of the body was assessed for redness, thickness, and scaling.
Time frame: 28-day Observational Follow-up Phase; Days 168 to Day 196.
Population: Time to relapse of psoriasis was not analyzed due to the small number of participants enrolled and who achieved PASI-50 and entered the observation follow-up phase.
Secondary
Time to Relapse of Psoriatic Arthritis During the Observational Follow-up Phase
A relapse was defined as a 50% loss of maximal American College of Rheumatoid (ACR) Score improvement in participants with psoriatic arthritis who achieved at least an ACR 20 score during the treatment phase. Relapses were only captured prior to the prescription of concomitant psoriatic treatment.
Time frame: Observational follow up phase; Days 168 to Day 196
Population: This endpoint was not summarized since there were only 8 participants with psoriatic arthritis enrolled in the study and only 2 participants who achieved an ACR 20 response during the treatment phase.
Secondary
Trough Plasma Concentration (Cmin)
The trough observed plasma concentration of apremilast (Cmin) was determined directly from the observed pre-AM dose concentration on Day 85.
Time frame: Day 85 Pre-dose
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population, consisting of all participants with evaluable plasma concentration data for apremilast
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apremilast 20 mg | Trough Plasma Concentration (Cmin) | 101.36 ng/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 71.6 |