Rheumatoid Arthritis
Conditions
Brief summary
This single arm study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of MabThera in participants with active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to prior treatment with DMARDs and/or anti-TNF alpha agent. Participants will be treated with MabThera 1000 milligrams (mg) intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 15. Participants were followed every 8 weeks to complete 24 weeks of follow-up. After completion of the Week 24 visit, the participants were followed every 3 months for up to 18 months for an overall study duration of 24 months (104 weeks). After week 36, eligible participants who achieve moderate or good response according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria will receive re-treatment with MabThera. Participants will receive concomitant treatment with DMARDs, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics throughout the study period. The anticipated time on study treatment is 2 years, and the target sample size is 200 participants.
Interventions
DRUGRituximab [MabThera/Rituxan]
1000 mg IV on days 1 and 15
Sponsors
Hoffmann-La Roche
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
During study entry * Able and willing to give written informed consent and comply with the requirements of the study protocol; * Participants with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) for at least 6 months, diagnosed according to the revised 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the classification of RA; * Receiving treatment on an outpatient basis; * Experienced an inadequate response to previous or current treatment with DMARDs because of toxicity or inadequate efficacy; * Disease activity score (DAS28) greater than or equal to (\>=) 3.2 at screening and baseline visit. * Age \>= 18 years; * Participants of reproductive potential (males and females) using a reliable means of contraception (for example \[e.g.\] contraceptive pill, intrauterine device, physical barrier); * Female participants with childbearing potential - a negative urine pregnancy test within two weeks prior to first rituximab treatment. During Re-Treatment * Achieved moderate or good response according to the EULAR response criteria during any visit including visits in the post-treatment period; * DAS28 \>=3.2; * The participants has not been withdrawn into the safety follow-up at any time pre or post Week 24; * 36 weeks or more have passed since the participant's first rituximab infusion; * No evidence of any new medical condition or laboratory test results; * In participants who were known to be positive to hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) - documented negative hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV-DNA) test and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less than or equal to (\<=) 2.5x upper limit of normal (ULN) within the last 12 weeks; * Female participants with childbearing potential - a negative urine pregnancy test immediately prior to treatment initiation.
Exclusion criteria
* Rheumatic autoimmune disease other than RA, or significant systemic involvement secondary to RA (e.g., vasculitis, pulmonary fibrosis or Felty's syndrome). Sjogren's syndrome with RA was permitted; * Functional class IV as defined by the ACR Classification of Functional Status in RA; * History of, or current, inflammatory joint disease other than RA (e.g., gout, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, Lyme disease) or other systemic rheumatic disorder disorder (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, scleroderma, inflammatory myopathy); Excluded Previous/Concomitant Medications * Previous or concurrent treatment with any anti TNF-alpha therapy; * Treatment with any investigational agent within 4 weeks of screening; * Previous treatment with any cell depleting therapies excluding rituximab, including investigational agents; * Immunization with a live vaccine within 4 weeks prior to the baseline visit. Exclusions for General Safety * History of severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions to humanized or murine monoclonal antibodies; * Significant cardiac or pulmonary disease (including obstructive pulmonary disease). * Evidence of significant uncontrolled concomitant diseases such as cardiovascular disease, nervous system, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, endocrine or gastrointestinal disorders. * Known active bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial or other infection (including tuberculosis, or atypical mycobacterial disease, but excluding fungal infections of nail beds), or any major episode of infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with IV antibiotics within 4 weeks of screening or oral antibiotics within 2 weeks prior to screening; * History of recurrent significant infection or history of recurrent bacterial infections; * Primary or secondary immunodeficiency (history of, or currently active); * Active cancer, including solid tumors and hematologic malignancies (except basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that have been excised and cured); * Pregnant women or nursing (breast feeding) mothers; * Participants with lack of peripheral venous access; Laboratory
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Baseline up to study withdrawal or follow-up (Approximately 104 weeks) | An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Number of participants with non-serious AEs was exclusive of SAEs. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joints (DAS 28) at Week 24 | Baseline, Week 24 | DAS28 score is a measure of participant's disease activity calculated using tender joint count (TJC) \[28 joints\], swollen joint count (SJC) \[28 joints\], participant's global assessment of disease activity (PGH) \[visual analog scale (VAS): 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). DAS28 was calculated according to following formula: 0.56 multiplied by (\*) square root (√) of TJC\] plus (+) \[0.28\*√SJC\]+\[0.70\*the natural logarithm (ln) ESR\]+\[0.014\*PGH\]. Total possible score of 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores represented higher disease activity. Scores below 2.6 indicated clinical remission, score of less than or equals to (\</=) 3.2 indicated low disease activity, score of \</=5.1 indicated moderate disease activity, scores above 5.1 indicated high or severe disease. Rituximab was administered as needed during episodes of inflammation for up to 5 courses. Change from baseline in DAS28 to Week 24 was reported for all 5 courses. |
| Percentage of Participants Whose DAS28 Improved by Greater Than (>) 1.2 at Week 24 | Week 24 | DAS28 score is a measure of participant's disease activity calculated using TJC28, SJC28, PGH \[VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and ESR. DAS28 was calculated according to following formula: \[0.56\*√TJC\] + \[0.28\*√SJC\] + \[0.70\*ln ESR\] + \[0.014\*PGH\]. Total possible score of 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores represented higher disease activity. Scores below 2.6 indicated clinical remission, score of \</= 3.2 indicated low disease activity, score of \</= 5.1 indicated moderate disease activity, and scores above 5.1 indicated high or severe disease. Rituximab was administered as needed during episodes of inflammation for up to 5 courses. Change from baseline in DAS28 to Week 24 was reported for all 5 courses. Participants whose DAS28 score improved by 1.2 score were reported. |
| Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Week 24 | Clinical response was assessed according to EULAR categorical DAS28 response criteria, which defined clinically meaningful improvement at Week 24. EULAR response was based on change from baseline (COB) in DAS28 score and also on actual DAS28 score, at Week 24. DAS28 score= participant's disease activity calculated using TJC28, SJC28, PGH \[VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and ESR. DAS28 was calculated by following formula: 0.56\*√TJC+(0.28\*√SJC)+(0.70\*ln ESR)+(0.014\*PGH). Total possible score=0-10, higher scores represented higher disease activity. Scores below 2.6: clinical remission, \</=3.2: low disease activity, \</=5.1: moderate disease activity, above 5.1: severe disease. EULAR Good response: DAS28\</=3.2; COB\<-1.2. Moderate response: DAS28\</=3.2 or \>3.2 to \</=5.1 or \>5.1; COB \<-1.2 or \<-0.6 to greater than or equal to (\>/=)-1.2. No response: DAS28 \</=3.2 or \> 3.2 to \</=5.1 or \>5.1; COB \<-0.6 to \>/=-1.2 or \>/=-0.6. EULAR response was reported for 5 courses. |
| Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Baseline, Weeks 48 and 104 (End of treatment) | Bone density or bone mineral density (BMD) is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. BMD test results are compared to the ideal or peak BMD of a healthy 30-year-old adult, and results are provided as T-score. A score of 0 means BMD is equal to the norm for a healthy young adult. Differences between observed BMD and that of the healthy young adult norm are measured in units called standard deviations (SDs). The more standard deviations below 0, indicated as negative numbers, lower the BMD higher the risk of fracture. SD + 1 to -1 indicates normal BMD; SD between -1 to -2.5 indicates low bone mass, SD -2.5 or lower indicates osteoporosis. Change in bone density was measured in participants who were not treated with biphosphonates by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Change in bone density was assessed at baseline and at Weeks 48 and 104. Change from baseline in bone density score was reported for all 5 courses. |
Countries
Israel
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Rituximab Participants received rituximab (MabThera) 1000 mg IV dose on Days 1 and 15. Participants who completed the Week 36 visit and achieved moderate or good response according to the EULAR response criteria were treated again with rituximab. Rituximab was administered for up to 5 courses. | 209 |
| Total | 209 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 5 |
| Overall Study | Death | 3 |
| Overall Study | Lack of Efficacy | 25 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 3 |
| Overall Study | Missing Data/Unknown | 4 |
| Overall Study | Participant files lost | 6 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 8 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Rituximab |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 56.6 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 146 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 63 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 176 / 209 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 70 / 209 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Number of participants with non-serious AEs was exclusive of SAEs.
Time frame: Baseline up to study withdrawal or follow-up (Approximately 104 weeks)
Population: Safety population included all participants who had received any part of an infusion of study medication.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rituximab | Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | AEs | 176 Participants |
| Rituximab | Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | SAEs | 70 Participants |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104
Bone density or bone mineral density (BMD) is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. BMD test results are compared to the ideal or peak BMD of a healthy 30-year-old adult, and results are provided as T-score. A score of 0 means BMD is equal to the norm for a healthy young adult. Differences between observed BMD and that of the healthy young adult norm are measured in units called standard deviations (SDs). The more standard deviations below 0, indicated as negative numbers, lower the BMD higher the risk of fracture. SD + 1 to -1 indicates normal BMD; SD between -1 to -2.5 indicates low bone mass, SD -2.5 or lower indicates osteoporosis. Change in bone density was measured in participants who were not treated with biphosphonates by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Change in bone density was assessed at baseline and at Weeks 48 and 104. Change from baseline in bone density score was reported for all 5 courses.
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 48 and 104 (End of treatment)
Population: ITT population. Here, number of participants analyzed (N) signified those participants who were evaluable for this outcome and n signified participants with evaluable data for a specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 104: Course 3, Hip T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 104: Course 3, Spine T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 48: Course 2, Spine T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 104: Course 2, Hip T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 104: Course 2, Spine T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 48: Course 3, Hip T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 48: Course 3, Spine T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 48: Course 4, Hip T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 48: Course 4, Spine T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 104: Course 4, Hip T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 104: Course 4, Spine T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change during Course 5 (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Baseline: Hip T-Score (n=112) | -1.08 T-score | Standard Deviation 1.19 |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Baseline: Spine T-Score (n=109) | -1.13 T-score | Standard Deviation 1.26 |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 48: Course 1, Hip T-Score ( n=14) | 0.09 T-score | Standard Deviation 0.43 |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 48: Course 1, Spine T-Score (n=14) | -0.03 T-score | Standard Deviation 0.46 |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 104: Course 1, Hip T-Score (n=11) | -0.51 T-score | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 104: Course 1, Spine T-Score (n=11) | 0.45 T-score | Standard Deviation 1.73 |
| Rituximab | Change From Baseline in Bone Density Score at Weeks 48 and 104 | Change at Week 48: Course 2, Hip T-Score (n=0) | NA T-score | — |
Secondary
Mean Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joints (DAS 28) at Week 24
DAS28 score is a measure of participant's disease activity calculated using tender joint count (TJC) \[28 joints\], swollen joint count (SJC) \[28 joints\], participant's global assessment of disease activity (PGH) \[visual analog scale (VAS): 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). DAS28 was calculated according to following formula: 0.56 multiplied by (\*) square root (√) of TJC\] plus (+) \[0.28\*√SJC\]+\[0.70\*the natural logarithm (ln) ESR\]+\[0.014\*PGH\]. Total possible score of 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores represented higher disease activity. Scores below 2.6 indicated clinical remission, score of less than or equals to (\</=) 3.2 indicated low disease activity, score of \</=5.1 indicated moderate disease activity, scores above 5.1 indicated high or severe disease. Rituximab was administered as needed during episodes of inflammation for up to 5 courses. Change from baseline in DAS28 to Week 24 was reported for all 5 courses.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 24
Population: ITT Population. Here, number of participants analyzed (N) signified those participants who were evaluable for this outcome and n signified participants with evaluable data for a specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rituximab | Mean Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joints (DAS 28) at Week 24 | Baseline (n=205) | 6.6 Units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Rituximab | Mean Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joints (DAS 28) at Week 24 | Change at Week 24: Course 1 (n=158) | -2.3 Units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Rituximab | Mean Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joints (DAS 28) at Week 24 | Change at Week 24: Course 2 (n=69) | -2.4 Units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Rituximab | Mean Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joints (DAS 28) at Week 24 | Change at Week 24: Course 3 (n=30) | -2.8 Units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Rituximab | Mean Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joints (DAS 28) at Week 24 | Change at Week 24: Course 4 (n=9) | -2.6 Units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Rituximab | Mean Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joints (DAS 28) at Week 24 | Change at Week 24: Course 5 (n=0) | NA Units on a scale | — |
p-value: <0.0001t-test, 2 sided
p-value: <0.0001t-test, 2 sided
p-value: <0.0001t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.0001t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Whose DAS28 Improved by Greater Than (>) 1.2 at Week 24
DAS28 score is a measure of participant's disease activity calculated using TJC28, SJC28, PGH \[VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and ESR. DAS28 was calculated according to following formula: \[0.56\*√TJC\] + \[0.28\*√SJC\] + \[0.70\*ln ESR\] + \[0.014\*PGH\]. Total possible score of 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores represented higher disease activity. Scores below 2.6 indicated clinical remission, score of \</= 3.2 indicated low disease activity, score of \</= 5.1 indicated moderate disease activity, and scores above 5.1 indicated high or severe disease. Rituximab was administered as needed during episodes of inflammation for up to 5 courses. Change from baseline in DAS28 to Week 24 was reported for all 5 courses. Participants whose DAS28 score improved by 1.2 score were reported.
Time frame: Week 24
Population: ITT Population. Here, number of participants analyzed (N) signified those participants who were evaluable for this outcome and n signified participants with evaluable data for a specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants Whose DAS28 Improved by Greater Than (>) 1.2 at Week 24 | Course 4 (n=9) | 77.8 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants Whose DAS28 Improved by Greater Than (>) 1.2 at Week 24 | Course 1 (n=158) | 72.8 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants Whose DAS28 Improved by Greater Than (>) 1.2 at Week 24 | Course 2 (n=69) | 84.1 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants Whose DAS28 Improved by Greater Than (>) 1.2 at Week 24 | Course 3 (n=30) | 86.7 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants Whose DAS28 Improved by Greater Than (>) 1.2 at Week 24 | Course 5 (n=0) | NA Percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24
Clinical response was assessed according to EULAR categorical DAS28 response criteria, which defined clinically meaningful improvement at Week 24. EULAR response was based on change from baseline (COB) in DAS28 score and also on actual DAS28 score, at Week 24. DAS28 score= participant's disease activity calculated using TJC28, SJC28, PGH \[VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and ESR. DAS28 was calculated by following formula: 0.56\*√TJC+(0.28\*√SJC)+(0.70\*ln ESR)+(0.014\*PGH). Total possible score=0-10, higher scores represented higher disease activity. Scores below 2.6: clinical remission, \</=3.2: low disease activity, \</=5.1: moderate disease activity, above 5.1: severe disease. EULAR Good response: DAS28\</=3.2; COB\<-1.2. Moderate response: DAS28\</=3.2 or \>3.2 to \</=5.1 or \>5.1; COB \<-1.2 or \<-0.6 to greater than or equal to (\>/=)-1.2. No response: DAS28 \</=3.2 or \> 3.2 to \</=5.1 or \>5.1; COB \<-0.6 to \>/=-1.2 or \>/=-0.6. EULAR response was reported for 5 courses.
Time frame: Week 24
Population: ITT Population. Here, number of participants analyzed (N) signified those participants who were evaluable for this outcome and n signified participants with evaluable data for a specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 1: Good Response (n=164) | 12.8 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 1: Moderate Response (n=164) | 65.9 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 1: No Response (n=164) | 21.3 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 2: Good Response (n=71) | 8.5 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 2: Moderate Response (n=71) | 76.1 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 2: No Response (n=71) | 15.5 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 3: Good Response (n=30) | 13.3 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 3: Moderate Response (n=30) | 76.7 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 3: No Response (n=30) | 10.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 4: Good Response (n=9) | 0.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 4: Moderate Response (n=9) | 77.8 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 4: No Response (n=9) | 22.2 Percentage of participants |
| Rituximab | Percentage of Participants With EULAR DAS 28 Response at Week 24 | Course 5 (n=0) | NA Percentage of participants |