Lymphoma
Conditions
Keywords
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, NHL, Lymphoma, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, SLL, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/immunocytoma, Follicular lymphoma, Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type, Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, CLL, Bulky Lymphoma, Nipent, Cytoxan, Rituxan, Cyclophosphamide, Rituximab, Pentostatin
Brief summary
The goal of the clinical research study is to learn if treatment with a combination of three drugs, Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), Rituxan (rituximab) and Nipent (pentostatin), will help to control the disease in patients with previously untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, CLL, or bulky lymphoma. The safety of this treatment will also be studied.
Detailed description
All of the drugs \[Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), Rituxan (rituximab) and Nipent (pentostatin)\] in this study are commonly used in the treatment of this cancer. However, using these drugs in combination is investigational. Before you can start treatment on this study, you will have what are called screening tests. These tests will help the doctor decide if you are eligible to take part in the study. You will have a complete medical history and physical exam. You will have blood collected (around 2-3 tablespoons) for routine tests. You will have a chest x-ray and CT scans of the chest, abdomen (stomach), and pelvis (waist area). Tumors will be measured using x-rays. You will have a sample of bone marrow collected. To collect a bone marrow sample, an area of the hip or chest bone is numbed with anesthetic and a small amount of bone marrow is withdrawn through a large needle. If your doctor feels it is necessary, you may also have lymph node biopsy samples taken for special tests. Women who are able to have children must have a negative blood or urine pregnancy test. During treatment you will be given a combination of three drugs in a 21 day (3 weeks) cycle. All drugs will be given through a needle in a vein over 4-6 hours. You will receive pentostatin first, then rituximab, and lastly cyclophosphamide. For each treatment cycle cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and pentostatin will be given on Day 1, followed by 20 days of rest. During treatment, you will have around 2-3 tablespoons of blood collected at least once a week for routine tests. You will also provide a urine sample for routine urine tests. Depending on how the disease responds, treatment may be stopped after 3, 6, or 9 cycles. You will be taken off treatment if your disease gets worse. If your treatment is delayed for more than 2 weeks due to any side effect related to the treatment or for more than 3 weeks for any reason, you will be taken off of this study. If your doctor feels that you are having serious or intolerable side effects that are not improved by standard supportive care methods (such as medicine to control nausea or a transfusion to treat anemia) you will be taken off of this study. After Cycles 3, 6, and 9, tumors will be measured using x-rays or other scans (CT or MRI). Bone marrow samples will be taken if they are needed to find out if the drug combination is working to control your disease. The maximum number of cycles that you can receive is 9. If you wish to continue using this drug treatment, and it is beneficial to do so, you may continue to receive these drugs. However, these drugs are commercially available, so you will be financially responsible for the cost of these drugs. After you receive the last cycle of chemotherapy, your doctor will decide your schedule of follow-up exams. You will have follow-up exams every 3 months for one year, every 6 months for 2nd year, then once after 1 year. During these exams, you will have a chest x-ray and CT scans of the chest, abdomen (stomach), and pelvis (waist area). You will also have blood collected (2-3 tablespoons) for routine tests. This is an investigational study. All of the study drugs are approved by the FDA for cancer treatment and are commercially available. However, the use of the drugs in combination is investigational. Up to 100 patients will take part in this study. All enrolled will be at M. D. Anderson.
Interventions
DRUGCytoxan
600 mg/m\^2 on Day 1 of 21-day cycle.
DRUGNipent
4 mg/m\^2 on Day 1 of 21 Day Cycle.
DRUGRituxan
375 mg/m\^2 on Day 1 of 21 Day Cycle.
Sponsors
Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Pharmatech
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Histologically or cytologically proven, stage III or IV, low-grade B-cell NHL, as defined by the updated WHO modification of the REAL classification for peripheral B-cell neoplasms: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma; Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/immunocytoma; Follicular lymphoma; Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type; Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (+/- monocytoid B-cells); Lymphoma with primarily bone marrow-only disease are considered eligible 2. Bulky lymphoma or Stage II disease requiring chemotherapy will be considered for enrollment with documented Sponsor Investigator approval prior to registration. 3. CT or MRI scans confirming measurable tumor size (lymph node must be \>1cm in its longest transverse diameter). Measurement by physical exam is acceptable in the case of palpable and reproducibly measurable axillary or other superficial tumors. 4. Positive expression of cluster of differentiation antigen 20 (CD20) by biopsy or circulating lymphocytes. 5. Zero or one prior chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic treatment regimen for B-cell NHL. 6. Male or female greater than or equal to 18 years of age. 7. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2. 8. Adequate renal function: Creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen (BUN) less than 30 mg/dL or a creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 60 mL/min based on calculation of creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault method or from a 24-hour urine collection. Creatinine clearance 40- 59 mL/min from a 24-hour urine collection would require a Nipent dose reduction of 25%. Patients with a Creatinine clearance \<40 mL/min from a 24-hour urine collection will be excluded. 9. Adequate bone marrow function: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1,000 cells/µL; Platelet count greater than or equal to 75,000 cells/µL; Hemoglobin greater than or equal to 9 g/dL. Patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia or autoimmune hemolytic anemia are eligible with prior approval of Sponsor Investigator. 10. Adequate liver function: Bilirubin less than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL; AST and ALT less than or equal to 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN). 11. Adequate cardiac function in the judgment of the Investigator, including New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification of I or II. 12. Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to registration. 13. Patient agrees to use an acceptable method of birth control, if fertile patient (male or female), to avoid pregnancy for the duration of the study and for at least 3 months thereafter. 14. Completed Patient Informed Consent Form.
Exclusion criteria
1. Previous or current intermediate or high-grade lymphoma. 2. White blood cell count (WBC) greater than 30,000 cells/µL. 3. Received prior therapy using Rituxan, unless such therapy was completed at least 6 months prior to study registration. Patients whose disease was non-responsive to prior Rituxan therapy will be excluded. 4. Known sensitivity to Nipent, Rituxan, Cytoxan or any component of these drugs. 5. Patient received replacement steroid therapy less than 4 weeks prior to study registration. 6. History of other malignancy that could affect the diagnosis or assessment of the study treatment. 7. Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) illness. 8. Known prior history of and/or active viral hepatitis (HBV or HCV). 9. Patient is unable to comply with the requirements of this study. 10. Patients with Richter's transformation will be excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Participant Response Rate According to the International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria for Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Cheson 1999 | Evaluated after treatment in Cycles 3, 6 and 9 (1 Cycle = 21 Days), up to 7 months | Number of participants with response out of total treated participants using IWG defined 6 categories based on IWG 1999 Response Criteria for NHL of efficacy response or nonresponse to treatment in non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL): complete remission (CR), complete remission/unconfirmed (CRu), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD). CR: is a complete disappearance of all disease with the exception of nodes. No new lesions. Previously enlarged organs must have regressed and not be palpable. Bone marrow(BM) must be negative if positive at baseline. Normalization of markers. CR Unconfirmed (CRU) does not qualify for CR above, due to a residual nodal mass or an indeterminate BM. PR: is a 50% decrease in the sum of the products of diameters (SPD) for up to 6 identified dominant lesions, including spleenic and hepatic nodules from baseline. No new lesions. SD: participants who have achieved less than a PR but who have not developed findings consistent with progressive disease. |
| Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR)/Complete Response Unconfirmed (CRu) With Low-grade Lymphoma (N=83) After 6-9 Cycles of PCR Therapy | 9 cycles of 21 days, up to 7 months | Number of participants with response according to the International Working Group (IWG) anatomic criteria for assessing six categories of efficacy response or nonresponse to treatment in non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL): complete remission (CR), complete remission/unconfirmed (CRu), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD), relapsed disease (RD), and progressive disease (PD). Response was assessed after 3, 6, and 9 cycles of therapy. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 3-Year Progression-Free Survival | PFS assessed 7 days prior to every cycle and then every 3 months after off-treatment for one year, every 6 months for second year, then once on third year | Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as time from initiation of therapy to progression of disease or death, whichever occurred first. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate PFS. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment Period: June 29, 2005 to July 26, 2007. All recruitment done at The University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Pre-assignment details
Of the 100 participants recruited, fifteen were excluded as screen failures prior to study assignment leaving an enrollment of 85 for the study.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Cytoxan + Rituxan + Nipent Cytoxan 600 mg/m\^2, Rituxan 375 mg/m\^2 and Nipent 4 mg/m\^2 on Day 1 of 21 Day Cycle. | 85 |
| Total | 85 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 2 |
| Overall Study | Ineligible | 2 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Cytoxan + Rituxan + Nipent |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 59 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 85 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 34 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 51 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 83 / 83 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 6 / 83 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR)/Complete Response Unconfirmed (CRu) With Low-grade Lymphoma (N=83) After 6-9 Cycles of PCR Therapy
Number of participants with response according to the International Working Group (IWG) anatomic criteria for assessing six categories of efficacy response or nonresponse to treatment in non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL): complete remission (CR), complete remission/unconfirmed (CRu), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD), relapsed disease (RD), and progressive disease (PD). Response was assessed after 3, 6, and 9 cycles of therapy.
Time frame: 9 cycles of 21 days, up to 7 months
Population: Two participants of the 85 enrolled were found to be ineligible following the enrollment and not treated therefore are excluded from outcome analysis. For the 83 eligible participants, five were considered inevaluable for response, but are included as non-responders in an intent-to-treat analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Cytoxan + Rituxan + Nipent | Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR)/Complete Response Unconfirmed (CRu) With Low-grade Lymphoma (N=83) After 6-9 Cycles of PCR Therapy | 72 participants |
Primary
Participant Response Rate According to the International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria for Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Cheson 1999
Number of participants with response out of total treated participants using IWG defined 6 categories based on IWG 1999 Response Criteria for NHL of efficacy response or nonresponse to treatment in non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL): complete remission (CR), complete remission/unconfirmed (CRu), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD). CR: is a complete disappearance of all disease with the exception of nodes. No new lesions. Previously enlarged organs must have regressed and not be palpable. Bone marrow(BM) must be negative if positive at baseline. Normalization of markers. CR Unconfirmed (CRU) does not qualify for CR above, due to a residual nodal mass or an indeterminate BM. PR: is a 50% decrease in the sum of the products of diameters (SPD) for up to 6 identified dominant lesions, including spleenic and hepatic nodules from baseline. No new lesions. SD: participants who have achieved less than a PR but who have not developed findings consistent with progressive disease.
Time frame: Evaluated after treatment in Cycles 3, 6 and 9 (1 Cycle = 21 Days), up to 7 months
Population: Two participants of the 85 enrolled were found to be ineligible following the enrollment and not treated therefore are excluded from outcome analysis. For the 83 eligible participants, five were considered inevaluable for response, but are included as non-responders in an intent-to-treat analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytoxan + Rituxan + Nipent | Participant Response Rate According to the International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria for Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Cheson 1999 | CR/CRu | 86.8 Percentage of Participants |
| Cytoxan + Rituxan + Nipent | Participant Response Rate According to the International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria for Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Cheson 1999 | Overall response | 91.6 Percentage of Participants |
Secondary
3-Year Progression-Free Survival
Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as time from initiation of therapy to progression of disease or death, whichever occurred first. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate PFS.
Time frame: PFS assessed 7 days prior to every cycle and then every 3 months after off-treatment for one year, every 6 months for second year, then once on third year
Population: Two participants of the 85 enrolled were found to be ineligible following the enrollment and not treated therefore are excluded from outcome analysis. For the 83 eligible participants, five were considered inevaluable for response, but are included as non-responders in an intent-to-treat analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Cytoxan + Rituxan + Nipent | 3-Year Progression-Free Survival | 73 percentage of participants |