Kidney Cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma
Conditions
Keywords
Genitourinary, Kidney Cancer, Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, RCC, Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Kidney, Unresectable renal cell carcinoma, Capecitabine, Xeloda, Gemcitabine, Gemzar, Bevacizumab, Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, rhuMAb-VEGF, Avastin, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if the combination of 3 drugs (gemcitabine, capecitabine, and bevacizumab) can help to control metastatic or unresectable renal cell carcinoma. The safety of this drug combination will also be tested.
Detailed description
Gemcitabine and capecitabine are designed to disrupt the growth of cancer cells, which may cause cancer cells to start to die. Bevacizumab is a drug that binds to and inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a blood-vessel stimulating agent with unusually high levels in kidney cancer. If you are found to be eligible to take part in this study, you will receive gemcitabine, capecitabine, and bevacizumab on a 28 day cycle. Capecitabine will be taken by mouth (with food), twice daily, on Days 1-21. Gemcitabine will be given through a needle in your vein in your arm over 30 minutes on Days 1 and 15. Bevacizumab will be given through a needle in your vein in your arm on Days 1 and 15. It will be given over 120 minutes for Cycle 1 and over 60 minutes for all other cycles. Your doctor may decided to give you bevacizumab over 30 minutes if you tolerate the treatment well. On the first day of each cycle, blood (about 2 teaspoons) and a urine will be collected before treatment for routine tests. You will also have blood drawn on Day 15 (about 2 teaspoons) for routine tests. Every 8 weeks, you will have a CT scan of your chest, abdomen, and pelvis and a chest x-ray. You will be asked about any drugs that you are currently taking and you will have a complete physical exam. You will be asked about any side effects that you might have experienced since the last visit and your ability to perform daily activities will be evaluated. Repeat bone scans and MRI of the brain may be done if your doctor thinks it is necessary. You will continue receiving treatment for a maximum of 12 months. However, if you are benefitting from treatment, you may be able to continue receiving it off study. You will be taken off study if the disease gets worse, if the side effects are intolerable, or if you develop another illness that prevents you from receiving the treatment. This is an investigational study. Gemcitabine, capecitabine, and bevacizumab are all FDA approved and commercially available. Up to 40 participants may take part in this study. All will be enrolled at MD Anderson.
Interventions
DRUGCapecitabine
800 mg/m\^2 By Mouth Twice Daily On Days 1-21.
DRUGGemcitabine
900 mg/m\^2 By Vein Over 30 Minutes on Days 1 and 15.
DRUGBevacizumab
10 mg/kg By Vein On Days 1 and 15.
Sponsors
Eli Lilly and Company
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Histologically demonstrated, metastatic or unresectable sarcomatoid carcinoma of the kidney, defined as the following: • A tumor biopsy (primary or metastasis) must show at least one focus of RCC (one of the recognized types); and, • A tumor biopsy (primary or metastasis) must have at least 10% of the sample showing sarcomatoid histology. 2. (# 1 cont'd) • Patients with primary tumor in place are eligible if there is any percentage of sarcomatoid dedifferentiation on a needle biopsy (primary or metastasis), and the radiographic appearance of the primary tumor on CT scan is typical of RCC. For these patients, due to the small tumor sample, it is not required to identify an area of typical RCC histology as long as the morphologic and immunostaining characteristics are consistent with RCC. 3. At least one site of measurable disease (may include primary tumor). 4. No prior cytotoxic chemotherapy. Any prior immunotherapy is permitted. 5. No prior bevacizumab treatment. Prior sorafenib or sunitinib is permitted. 6. Zubrod performance status 2 or better 7. Adequate organ and bone marrow function: • Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) \>/= 1,500 • Platelets \>/=100,000 • Total bilirubin \</= 1.5 mg/dl • AST and ALT \</= 3x upper limit normal • Creatinine clearance \> 50 cc/min (measured or calculated by Cockcroft formula: Creatinine Clearance = \[(140 - age) x wt (kg)\]/\[72 x creat (mg/dl)\], for females x 0.85. Patients with creatinine clearance of 30-50 ml/min are eligible with an initial dose-reduction of capecitabine to the (-1) dose level. 8. Female patients of childbearing potential (last menses \< 2 years) must have a negative blood pregnancy test within 7 days prior to starting treatment. 9. All patients must agree to practice adequate contraception if sexually active for the duration of the trial and for 2 months after discontinuation of the study drugs 10. Written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
1. Patients with history of myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, pulmonary embolism, or history of deep vein thrombosis within the preceding 12 months. 2. Patients with major risk of bleeding, such as active brain metastases. Patients with controlled or small brain metastases will be eligible based on clinical assessment of the actual bleeding risk. 3. Patients with history of any major surgical procedure within the preceding 28 days. 4. Patients with baseline blood pressure \>/= 140 systolic or \>/= 90 diastolic. 5. Patients with nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria \> 2 grams per 24 hours) 6. History of other malignancy, unless it is clinically non-threatening (such as non-melanoma skin cancer) or controlled for 2 years prior to study entry. 7. Prior treatment with gemcitabine, capecitabine, or any fluoropyrimidine. 8. Prior unanticipated severe reaction to fluoropyrimidine therapy or known hypersensitivity to 5-FU. 9. Any concurrent chemotherapy or radiotherapy. 10. Lack of physical integrity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, inability to swallow tablets or those who have malabsorption syndrome. 11. Clinically significant cardiac disease not well controlled with medication, such as symptomatic coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. 12. Serious concurrent infections or other serious medical conditions, including uncontrolled diabetes. 13. Any serious non-healing wound, ulcer, or active bone fracture. 14. Any concurrent coumadin therapy. Patients who were previously on coumadin maintenance may switch to aspirin or low-molecular-weight heparin. 15. Patients who have had an organ allograft. 16. Unwillingness to give written informed consent.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 12 months or until progression of disease | Event or disease-free survival given as progression free survival (PFS) which was defined as the length of time after primary treatment that the participant survives without disease progression. Evaluation of response will follow the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) where progression is defined per RECIST criteria as an increase in disease of 20% or more in the sum of longest tumor diameters compared to baseline. |
| Time to Treatment Failure (TTF) | 12 months or until progression of disease | Time to treatment failure, TTF, with failure defined as death or disease progression where progression is defined per RECIST criteria as an increase in disease of 20% or more in the sum of longest tumor diameters compared to baseline. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Objective Response Rate (ORR) | 12 months or until progression of disease | Objective response defined as Complete Response + Partial Response, with response recorded from the start of treatment until disease progression/recurrence (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded since the treatment started). Complete Response: The disappearance of all target lesions. Partial Response: \>30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, reference baseline sum longest diameter. Progressive Disease: At least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum longest diameter recorded since the treatment started, or the appearance of one or more new lesions. Stable Disease: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for partial response nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease, reference smallest sum longest diameter since the treatment started. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment Period: July 2, 2007 to February 24, 2012. All recruitment done at The University of Texas Cancer Center.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Capecitabine + Gemcitabine + Bevacizumab Capecitabine 800 mg/m\^2 orally twice daily Days 1-21; Gemcitabine 900 mg/m\^2 intravenous (IV) Days 1 &15 and Bevacizumab 10 mg/kg IV Days 1 & 15. | 34 |
| Total | 34 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 2 |
| Overall Study | Complications unrelated | 2 |
| Overall Study | Death | 1 |
| Overall Study | Progressive Disease | 24 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Capecitabine + Gemcitabine + Bevacizumab |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 54 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 32 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 32 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 34 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 26 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 31 / 34 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 3 / 34 |
Outcome results
Primary
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Event or disease-free survival given as progression free survival (PFS) which was defined as the length of time after primary treatment that the participant survives without disease progression. Evaluation of response will follow the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) where progression is defined per RECIST criteria as an increase in disease of 20% or more in the sum of longest tumor diameters compared to baseline.
Time frame: 12 months or until progression of disease
Population: One participant was excluded from survival analysis due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Capecitabine + Gemcitabine + Bevacizumab | Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 5.5 Months |
Primary
Time to Treatment Failure (TTF)
Time to treatment failure, TTF, with failure defined as death or disease progression where progression is defined per RECIST criteria as an increase in disease of 20% or more in the sum of longest tumor diameters compared to baseline.
Time frame: 12 months or until progression of disease
Population: Four participants were excluded from response analysis due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Capecitabine + Gemcitabine + Bevacizumab | Time to Treatment Failure (TTF) | 4.2 Months |
Secondary
Objective Response Rate (ORR)
Objective response defined as Complete Response + Partial Response, with response recorded from the start of treatment until disease progression/recurrence (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded since the treatment started). Complete Response: The disappearance of all target lesions. Partial Response: \>30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, reference baseline sum longest diameter. Progressive Disease: At least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum longest diameter recorded since the treatment started, or the appearance of one or more new lesions. Stable Disease: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for partial response nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease, reference smallest sum longest diameter since the treatment started.
Time frame: 12 months or until progression of disease
Population: Four participants were excluded from response analysis due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Capecitabine + Gemcitabine + Bevacizumab | Objective Response Rate (ORR) | 20 percentage of participants |