Postoperative Pain
Conditions
Keywords
hernia, unilateral, postoperative, analgesia
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate three dose levels of SKY0402 compared with 105 mg of bupivacaine HCl.
Detailed description
Effective postoperative pain control is a critical element in patient recovery, as the majority of patients may experience significant pain, particularly in the first few days following surgery. Appropriate postoperative pain management contributes to improved healing, faster patient mobilization, shortened hospital stays, and reduced healthcare costs.
Interventions
DRUGBupivacaine HCl
Bupivacaine HCl given during hernia repair
DRUGSKY0402
SKY0402 given during hernia repair
Sponsors
Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Males 18 years of age and older at the Screening Visit. 2. Scheduled to undergo, elective, primary, unilateral, open-technique, tension-free (Lichtenstein-type technique with mesh) inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia. 3. American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Physical Class 1-3. 4. Capable and willing to comply with all study visits and procedures and to provide written informed consent. 5. Able to speak, read, and understand the language of the informed consent form, study questionnaires, and other instruments used for collecting subject-reported outcomes, in order to enable accurate and appropriate responses to pain scales and other required study assessments.
Exclusion criteria
1. Use of any of the following medications within the times specified before surgery: * Long-acting opioid medication within 3 days. * Any opioid medication within 24 hours. 2. Concurrent painful physical condition that may require analgesic treatment in the postoperative period for pain that is not strictly related to the hernia repair procedure and may confound the postoperative assessments (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathic pain, concomitant vasectomy). 3. Body weight less than 50 kilograms. 4. History of hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to amide-type local anesthetics. 5. Other contraindication to bupivacaine. 6. Contraindication(s) to epinephrine, such as concurrent administration of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or antidepressants of amitriptyline or imipramine types, conditions where the production or exacerbation of tachycardia could prove fatal (e.g., poorly controlled thyrotoxicosis or severe heart disease), or any other pathological conditions that might be aggravated by the effects of epinephrine. 7. Contraindication to any of the pain control agents anticipated to be used postoperatively (i.e., acetaminophen or oxycodone). 8. Administration of an investigational product within 30 days or 5 elimination half-lives of such investigational product, whichever is longer, prior to study drug administration, or planned administration of another investigational product or procedure during the subject's participation in this study. 9. Suspected or known addiction to or abuse of illicit drug(s), prescription medicine(s), or alcohol within the past 2 years. 10. Uncontrolled anxiety, schizophrenia, or other psychiatric disorder that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may interfere with study assessments or compliance. 11. Current or historical evidence of any clinically significant condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may increase the risk of surgery, complicate the subject's postoperative course, or indicate an increased vulnerability to study drugs and procedures and expose the subject to an unreasonable risk as a result of participating in this clinical trial. If during surgery the following criterion is met: 12. Any clinically significant event or condition uncovered during the hernia repair surgery (e.g., excessive bleeding) that might render the subject medically unstable or complicate the subject's postoperative course.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours | 0 to 72 hours | The subject's pain intensity was to be assessed with activity (NRS-A), after the subject had moved himself from a supine position in bed to a sitting up position at the edge of the bed. The subject was to respond to the following question: On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain, how much pain did you have while sitting up? |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events Through 96 Hours or Serious Adverse Events Through 30 Days | Up to 30 days |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Bupivacaine HCl 105mg Bupivacaine HCl given during hernia repair | 24 |
| SKY0402 Low Dose SKY0402 low dose given during hernia repair | 25 |
| SKY0402 Middle Dose SKY0402 middle dose given during hernia repair | 24 |
| SKY0402 High Dose SKY0402 high dose given during hernia repair | 25 |
| Total | 98 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | SKY0402 Low Dose | SKY0402 Middle Dose | Bupivacaine HCl 105mg | SKY0402 High Dose | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 19 Participants | 18 Participants | 21 Participants | 21 Participants | 79 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 51.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.3 | 54 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.1 | 47.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.9 | 52.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.6 | 51.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.2 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 25 participants | 24 participants | 24 participants | 25 participants | 98 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 25 Participants | 24 Participants | 24 Participants | 25 Participants | 98 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 10 / 24 | 17 / 74 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 24 | 1 / 74 |
Outcome results
Primary
Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours
The subject's pain intensity was to be assessed with activity (NRS-A), after the subject had moved himself from a supine position in bed to a sitting up position at the edge of the bed. The subject was to respond to the following question: On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain, how much pain did you have while sitting up?
Time frame: 0 to 72 hours
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine HCl 105mg | Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours | 298.1 Units on a scale*hours | Standard Deviation 136.6 |
| SKY0402 Low Dose | Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours | 286.9 Units on a scale*hours | Standard Deviation 146.4 |
| SKY0402 Middle Dose | Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours | 274.6 Units on a scale*hours | Standard Deviation 115.4 |
| SKY0402 High Dose | Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours | 274.4 Units on a scale*hours | Standard Deviation 253.4 |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Adverse Events Through 96 Hours or Serious Adverse Events Through 30 Days
Time frame: Up to 30 days