Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
Obesity, Calcium, Fat absorption, Postprandial lipid profile, appetite
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of calcium on postprandial lipid profile and appetite.
Detailed description
Several reports have found inverse associations between calcium intake and body weight. Intervention studies have shown that a high calcium diet resulted in a greater body weight loss than a low calcium diet. In addition, it seems that calcium from dairy products have a more profound effect than calcium from supplements. The mechanism of this additional dairy effect is not yet clear, but one possible explanation could be reduced absorption of fat in the gut. The increase in fecal fat excretion on a high calcium diet could be due to the formation of calcium-fatty acid soaps in the gut. The long term effect of a high calcium intake have been under intense investigation, but as far as we know the acute effect of a high calcium intake have not yet been examined. A study concerning the acute effects could help us understand the effect of calcium on the absorption of fat. After a meal triglyceride (TG) is packaged with cholesterol, lipoproteins and other lipids into particles called chylomicrons. Earlier studies have shown that the fatty acid pattern of chylomicron lipids postprandial was very similar to that of the ingested fat. If we assume that calcium inhibits the absorption of fat, we would expect a reduced total plasma triglyceride concentration after a calcium-rich meal. Appetite involves many different sensations among which hunger and satiety are the most investigated. Several different hormones are involved in the regulation of appetite. Some of these hormones are known to respond to the intake or absorption of fat. If the absorption of fat is inhibited the regulation of appetite most likely will be affected. In the long term this could be important because an increased appetite probably would increase energy intake and thereby reducing the weight loss we otherwise might have accomplished by the reduced absorption of fat.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALhigh calcium intake
Sponsors
Arla Foods
The Danish Dairy Research Foundation, Denmark
FOOD Graduate School, the Royal Veterinary & Agricultural University, Denmark
Danish Research Agency
Dutch Dairy Organization (NZO)
Pharna Vinci, Denmark
University of Copenhagen
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* healthy meals * BMI 24-31 kg/m2 * age between 18-50 years * hemoglobin \>8 mmol/L
Exclusion criteria
* donation of blood 6 months before and under the study * milk allergy, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cronic infectious disease * use of dietary supplements 3 months before and under the study * smoking * elite athletes * use of medication
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postprandial changes in: total plasma triacylglyceride; Chylomicron triacylglyceride; Cholesterol | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postprandial changes in:insulin; glucose; CCK; Ghrelin; GLP-1, appetite measured by visual analogue scales, BCAA | — |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed