Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Conditions
Keywords
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Pediatrics, Relapsed, Recurrence, Bortezomib, Velcade, Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia, Investigational, Childhood, ALL, Relapsed ALL, Refractory ALL, Relapsed pediatric ALL, Refractory pediatric ALL, TACL, Recurrent Pediatric ALL
Brief summary
This is a Phase I/II study of a drug called bortezomib given in combination with chemotherapy drugs used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that has come back (recurred). Bortezomib is a drug that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating adults with multiple myeloma which is a type of blood cancer. Bortezomib has been shown to cause cancer cells to die in studies done on animals (mice). Studies have been done that have shown that some adults and children with cancer have shown a response to bortezomib when it is used alone. Studies have also been done in adults to evaluate the dose of bortezomib that can be safely given in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.
Detailed description
All patients will receive 1 course of chemotherapy unless medical complications prevent the administration of some of the drugs. Treatment will last about 1 month. Treatment on this study will consist of a combination of 7 anti-cancer medications. The 7 anti-cancer medicines are bortezomib, vincristine, dexamethasone, PEG-asparaginase, doxorubicin, cytarabine (Ara-C), and methotrexate (MTX). If you are in the Phase I portion of this study, you will be given an assigned dose of bortezomib. The dose of bortezomib will be based on doses given in previous studies done with adults and children. At each dose level of bortezomib, between 3 and 6 children will receive bortezomib in combination with chemotherapy. If the side effects are not too severe, the next group of children will receive a higher dose. The dose will continue to be increased until we find the dose that causes serious side effects. Your dose of bortezomib will not be increased. If you have bad side effects, your dose may be decreased. The dose used during the Phase 2 part of this study will be determined by the outcome of the Phase I study. The highest dose used in Phase I that was tolerated without serious side effects will be the one used in Phase 2.
Interventions
DRUGBortezomib
Intravenous on days 1, 4, 8 and 11. Dose assigned at study entry.
DRUGDexamethasone
10 mg/m2/day divided BID, oral administration for 14 days.
DRUGPEG-asparaginase
2500 IU/m2/day, intramuscular injection on Days 2, 8, 15 and 22
DRUGDoxorubicin
60 mg/m2/day IV over 15 minutes on Day 1
DRUGCytarabine
Given intrathecally on Day 1 of course 1 at the dose defined by age below. * 30 mg for patients age 1-1.99 * 50 mg for patients age 2-2.99 * 70 mg for patients \>3 years of age
DRUGMethotrexate
Given intrathecally to all patients who are CNS 1 at study entry on Day 15 at the dose defined by age below. * 8 mg for patients age 1-1.99 * 10 mg for patients age 2-2.99 * 12 mg for patients 3-8.99 years of age * 15 mg for patients \>9 years of age
DRUGVincristine
1.5 mg/m2/dose IV push (maximum single dose 2 mg) on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22.
DRUGTriple IT Therapy
Triple IT therapy will be given intrathecally on Day 8, 15, and 22 for patients who are CNS 2 and CNS 3 at study entry. Regimen/dosing as follows: Methotrexate- * \<2 years: 8 mg * 2 - \<3 y: 10 mg * 3 - \<9 y: 12 mg * \>=9 y: 15 mg Cytarabine: * \<2 years: 16 mg * 2 - \<3 y: 20 mg * 3 - \<9 y: 24 mg * \>=9 y: 30 mg Hydrocortisone: * \<2 years: 8 mg * 2 - \<3 y: 10 mg * 3 - \<9 y: 12 mg * \>=9 y: 15 mg
Sponsors
Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia Consortium
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Years to 21 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
The eligibility criteria listed below are interpreted literally and cannot be waived. 1. Age Patients must be \< 21 years of age when originally diagnosed with ALL. Patient must be \> 1 year of age at study entry. 2. Diagnosis Patients must have relapsed or refractory ALL with a M3 marrow (marrow blasts \>25%). Patients with CNS I, II or III or testicular disease are eligible. 3. Performance Level Karnofsky \> 50% for patients \> 10 years of age and Lansky \> 50% for patients \< 10 years of age. 4. Prior Therapy Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study. 1. Prior anthracycline exposure: Patients must have less than 400mg/m2 lifetime exposure of anthracycline chemotherapy. 2. Stem Cell Transplant (SCT): Patients are eligible after allogeneic stem cell transplant as long as patients are not actively being treated for graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). 3. Patients should not have received previous therapy using bortezomib (Velcdade® or PS-341). 4. During the phase I portion of the trial, there is no limit on the number of prior treatment regimens. Patients with persistent disease after an induction attempt are eligible. 5. During the phase II portion of the trial, patients must have had two or more prior therapeutic attempts defined as: * Persistent initial disease after two induction attempts, or * Relapse after one-reinduction attempt (2nd relapse), or * Persistent disease after first relapse and initial re-induction attempt (Patients in first relapse are not eligible for the phase II portion of the study) 6. During the phase II portion of the trial, patients must have no more than 3 prior therapeutic attempts and it must be at least 3 months since the last treatment with a VPLD induction/re-induction regimen. 5. Reproductive Function 1. Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test confirmed prior to enrollment. 2. Female patients with infants must agree not to breastfeed their infants while on this study. 3. Male and female patients of child-bearing potential must agree to use an effective method of contraception approved by the investigator during the study.
Exclusion criteria
1. Drug Allergies Patients will be excluded if they have allergies to the following: * Asparaginase products * Boron * Mannitol 2. Renal Function Patients will be excluded if their serum creatinine is \> 2 x the upper limit of normal for age at the institution's laboratory. 3. Liver/Pancreatic Function 1. Direct bilirubin \> 1.5x the institutional ULN for age. A total bilirubin result that is less than 1.5 times the institutional ULN for age may be used for eligibility if a direct bilirubin result is not available. 2. SGPT (ALT) \> 4 x institutional ULN 3. Grade 3 or greater pancreatitis as defined by the CTCAE v3.0 4. History of any L-asparaginase induced pancreatitis 5. Amylase or Lipase \> 2 x institutional ULN 4. Cardiac Function Patients will be excluded if their shortening fraction by echocardiogram is less than 30%. 5. Patients with Down Syndrome are excluded. 6. Infection * Patients will be excluded if they have an active uncontrolled infection. * Patients will be excluded if they have had a positive culture within 2 weeks of study entry. 7. Patients with grade 2 or greater motor or sensory neuropathy per CTC 3.0 criteria. 8. Patients planning on receiving other investigational agents while on this study. (An investigational agent is defined as any drug not currently approved for use in humans.) 9. Patients planning on receiving other anti-cancer therapies while on this study. Hydroxyurea for cyto-reduction is allowed prior to the start of therapy. 10. Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study. 11. Patients who have started protocol therapy prior to enrollment. Patient may still enroll if IT therapy was given within 72 hours of study enrollment as part of the diagnostic lumbar procedure.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Occurrence of a Dose-Limiting Toxicity (Phase 1) | Beginning with the first dose of investigational product until 30 days following the last dose of bortezomib | Toxicity will be graded using the CTCAE criteria, version 3.0. Dose-limiting toxicity will be defined as any of the following events that are deemed by the investigator as possibly, probably or definitely attributable to bortezomib: Grade 3 or 4 Sensory Neuropathy; Grade 3 or 4 Neuropathic pain (Neuralgia or peripheral nerve) lasting longer than 24 hours despite medical intervention; Marrow hypoplasia, which continues 6 weeks from the start of each course (less than 10% cellularity); and Grade 4 Non-Hematologic Toxicity excluding the following: Infection (septic shock, typhlitis), Fever/Neutropenia, Fatigue, Electrolyte abnormalities, Hyper/Hypoglycemia, Nausea or Vomiting, AST/ALT/Bilirubin elevations that return to grade 1 by the time of the next course. |
| Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | Day 29 of Course 1 | * Complete Remission (CR): M1 (\< 5% blasts) BM with no evidence of circulating blasts or extramedullary disease and with recovery of peripheral counts (ANC\>750/uL and platelet count \>75 000/uL); * Complete Remission without Platelet Recovery (CRp): M1 BM with no circulating blasts or extramedullary disease and recovery of ANC (\>750/uL) but insufficient recovery of platelets (\<75 000/uL). * Partial Remission (PR): the disappearance of circulating blasts and achievement of M2 (5%-25% blasts) marrow status, without new sites of extramedullary disease, and with recovery of ANC (\>750/uL). * Stable disease (SD): not satisfying the criterion for progressive disease (PD), or a recovery of ANC (\>750/uL) but fails to qualify for CR, CRp, or PR. * Progressive Disease (PD): increase of at least 25% in the absolute number of circulating leukemia cells, development of new sites of extramedullary disease, or other lab or clinical evidence of PD, with or without recovery of ANC or platelets. |
Countries
Australia, Brazil, Canada, United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
31 unique individual participants were enrolled into the study collectively for both Phase 1 and 2. The breakdown is as follows: 10 in the Phase I study and 21 in the Phase II study. There was, however, one patient that started on Phase I, Cohort 2 that was later eligible and rolled into the Phase II study.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Phase 1 Dose Level 1 Bortezomib (Velcade): Intravenous on days 1, 4, 8 and 11, dose-escalation
Dexamethasone: Intravenous or oral administration for 14 days.
PEG-asparaginase: Intramuscular injection
Doxorubicin: Intravenous infusion
Cytarabine: Intrathecal administration on day 1
Methotrexate: Intrathecal administration
Vincristine: Intravenous push on days 1, 8, 15, 22
The starting dose level of bortezomib will be 1 mg/m2/day given 2x week for 2 weeks on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11. The dose will be escalated to 1.3 mg/m2/day assuming that the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is not exceeded. If the MTD is exceeded, the study will back down to the next whole dose level. | 4 |
| Phase 1 Dose Level 2 If the MTD is not exceeded at Dose Level 1, the next group of patients enrolled will escalate to Dose Level 2 of bortezomib at 1.3 mg/m2/day given on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11. This dose level is the highest possible dose level | 6 |
| Phase 2 Efficacy After the MTD of bortezomib is defined with Phase 1, Phase 2 will enroll patients to receive bortezomib on Day 1, 4, 8 and 11 to evaluate activity of the regimen.
Bortezomib (Velcade): Intravenous on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 at 1.3 mg/m2/day
Dexamethasone: Intravenous or oral administration for 14 days.
PEG-asparaginase: Intramuscular injection
Doxorubicin: Intravenous infusion
Cytarabine: Intrathecal administration on day 1
Methotrexate: Intrathecal administration
Vincristine: Intravenous push on days 1, 8, 15, 22 | 21 |
| Total | 31 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | Dose-Limiting Toxicity | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Phase 1 | Physician Decision | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Phase 2 | Adverse Event | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Phase 2 | Death | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Phase 1 Dose Level 1 | Phase 1 Dose Level 2 | Phase 2 Efficacy | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 4 Participants | 6 Participants | 19 Participants | 29 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Bone Marrow M3 at study entry | — | — | 21 Participants | 21 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 5 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 5 Participants | 12 Participants | 18 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 4 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Lineage B-precursor ALL | — | — | 19 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Lineage T-cell ALL | — | — | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Previous Bone Marrow Transplant None | — | — | 17 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Previous Bone Marrow Transplant Yes | — | — | 4 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Prior Treatment Attempts Four | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Prior Treatment Attempts One | 1 Participants | 4 Participants | 0 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Prior Treatment Attempts Three | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 5 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Prior Treatment Attempts Two | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 16 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 4 Participants | 6 Participants | 19 Participants | 29 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 3 Participants | 5 Participants | 7 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 14 Participants | 16 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 4 | 5 / 27 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 4 / 4 | 27 / 27 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 4 | 17 / 27 |
Outcome results
Primary
Achievement of Complete Remission (CR)
* Complete Remission (CR): M1 (\< 5% blasts) BM with no evidence of circulating blasts or extramedullary disease and with recovery of peripheral counts (ANC\>750/uL and platelet count \>75 000/uL); * Complete Remission without Platelet Recovery (CRp): M1 BM with no circulating blasts or extramedullary disease and recovery of ANC (\>750/uL) but insufficient recovery of platelets (\<75 000/uL). * Partial Remission (PR): the disappearance of circulating blasts and achievement of M2 (5%-25% blasts) marrow status, without new sites of extramedullary disease, and with recovery of ANC (\>750/uL). * Stable disease (SD): not satisfying the criterion for progressive disease (PD), or a recovery of ANC (\>750/uL) but fails to qualify for CR, CRp, or PR. * Progressive Disease (PD): increase of at least 25% in the absolute number of circulating leukemia cells, development of new sites of extramedullary disease, or other lab or clinical evidence of PD, with or without recovery of ANC or platelets.
Time frame: Day 29 of Course 1
Population: One Ph 1 patient received incorrect doses of Dexamethasone, so not evaluable for response. One Phase 2 patient achieved BM M1 but was treated with additional chemotherapy before peripheral recovery, so response to protocol treatment could not be evaluated.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | BM-CR, CNS-SD | 1 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | SD/PD | 1 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | CR | 6 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | CRp | 0 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | Death | 1 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | SD/PD | 0 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | CR | 14 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | CRp | 2 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | BM-CR, CNS-SD | 0 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | Death | 3 Participants |
| Ph 2 T-Cell ALL Patients | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | Death | 0 Participants |
| Ph 2 T-Cell ALL Patients | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | BM-CR, CNS-SD | 0 Participants |
| Ph 2 T-Cell ALL Patients | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | CR | 0 Participants |
| Ph 2 T-Cell ALL Patients | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | SD/PD | 2 Participants |
| Ph 2 T-Cell ALL Patients | Achievement of Complete Remission (CR) | CRp | 0 Participants |
Primary
Occurrence of a Dose-Limiting Toxicity (Phase 1)
Toxicity will be graded using the CTCAE criteria, version 3.0. Dose-limiting toxicity will be defined as any of the following events that are deemed by the investigator as possibly, probably or definitely attributable to bortezomib: Grade 3 or 4 Sensory Neuropathy; Grade 3 or 4 Neuropathic pain (Neuralgia or peripheral nerve) lasting longer than 24 hours despite medical intervention; Marrow hypoplasia, which continues 6 weeks from the start of each course (less than 10% cellularity); and Grade 4 Non-Hematologic Toxicity excluding the following: Infection (septic shock, typhlitis), Fever/Neutropenia, Fatigue, Electrolyte abnormalities, Hyper/Hypoglycemia, Nausea or Vomiting, AST/ALT/Bilirubin elevations that return to grade 1 by the time of the next course.
Time frame: Beginning with the first dose of investigational product until 30 days following the last dose of bortezomib
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Occurrence of a Dose-Limiting Toxicity (Phase 1) | DLT | 0 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Occurrence of a Dose-Limiting Toxicity (Phase 1) | No DLT | 4 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Occurrence of a Dose-Limiting Toxicity (Phase 1) | DLT | 1 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Occurrence of a Dose-Limiting Toxicity (Phase 1) | No DLT | 5 Participants |
Post Hoc
Bone Marrow Response
M1: Less than 5% blasts in a bone marrow aspirate and at least 200 cells counted. M2: 5-25% blasts in a bone marrow aspirate with at least 200 cells counted. M3: Greater than 25% blasts in a bone marrow aspirate with at least 200 cells counted.
Time frame: Day 29 of Course 1
Population: All patients who enrolled and treated under Phase 2 will be evaluated at the end of Course 1 for treatment response as indicated by measure of bone marrow (M1, M2, or M3) or patient survival if death occurred.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Bone Marrow Response | Death | 3 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Bone Marrow Response | M1 | 17 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 1 (1 mg/m2) | Bone Marrow Response | M2/M3 | 0 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Bone Marrow Response | Death | 0 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Bone Marrow Response | M1 | 0 Participants |
| Ph 1, Dose Level 2 (1.3 mg/m2) | Bone Marrow Response | M2/M3 | 2 Participants |