Bradycardia, Slow Heart Beat
Conditions
Keywords
Bradycardia, Slow heart beat, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Brief summary
The purpose of this clinical study is to confirm safety and efficacy in the clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment of the investigational EnRhythm MRI™ SureScan™ Pacing System (used in support of Revo MRI™ SureScan Pacing System launch).
Detailed description
This study is a prospective, multi-center global study.
Interventions
Pacer and leads
One hour MRI scan on the head and lower back.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Subject has, or is at risk of having, a heart beat that is too slow and his/her doctor has determined he/she needs a pacemaker. * Subject available for follow-up at study center for length of study. * Subject able and willing to undergo elective MRI scanning without sedation.
Exclusion criteria
* Subject has, or is at risk of having, a heart beat that is too fast and his/her doctor has determined he/she needs an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). * Subject needs or will need another MRI-scan, other than those required by the study, during the required study follow-up period. * Pregnant women, or women of child bearing potential who are not on a reliable form of birth control. * Subject with
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Related Complications | MRI scan to one-month post-MRI scan | Subjects with a complication related to the MRI scan. All adverse events in the time frame were recorded at the subject's center and assessed by a centralized Adverse Event Advisory Committee. The committee determined whether each adverse event was a complication (requiring invasive intervention), and whether the event was related to the MRI scan. |
| Atrial Pacing Capture Threshold Success | 9-12 week visit to 4-month visit | Subjects' atrial pacing capture threshold (the energy sent from the pacemaker needed to make the heart's atrium beat) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Subjects were considered successful if their pacing capture threshold did not increase by 1.0 volt (V) or more. |
| Ventricular Pacing Capture Threshold Success | 9-12 week visit to 4-month visit | Subjects' ventricular pacing capture threshold (the energy sent from the pacemaker needed to make the heart's ventricle beat) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Subjects were considered successful if their pacing capture threshold did not increase by 1.0 volt (V) or more. |
| Atrial Sensed Amplitude Success | 9-12 week visit to 4-month visit | Subjects' atrial sensed amplitude (the minimum energy produced by the heart's atrium that the pacemaker can sense) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Subjects were considered successful if their sensed amplitude did not decrease by more than 50% and remained above 1.5 millivolts (mV). |
| Ventricular Sensed Amplitude Success | 9-12 week visit to 4-month visit | Subjects' ventricular sensed amplitude (the minimum energy produced by the heart's ventricle that the pacemaker can sense) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Subjects were considered successful if their sensed amplitude did not decrease by more than 50% and remained above 5.0 millivolts (mV). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Atrial Lead Handling Rating | During implant | Physicians' rated atrial lead handling during the implant on a scale of -3 to +3 where: -3 = well below expectations; -2 = moderately below expectations; -1 = slightly below expectations; 0 = met expectations; +1 = slightly above expectations; +2 = moderately above expectations; and +3 = well above expectations. |
| Ventricular Lead Handling Rating | During implant | Physicians' rated ventricular lead handling during the implant on a scale of -3 to +3 where: -3 = well below expectations; -2 = moderately below expectations; -1 = slightly below expectations; 0 = met expectations; +1 = slightly above expectations; +2 = moderately above expectations; and +3 = well above expectations. |
| Atrial Pacing Capture Threshold | 3 or 4 months post-implant | Average atrial pacing capture threshold. Pacing capture threshold is the energy needed to pace the heart. |
| Subjects With System-related Complications | Implant to 4 Months | Subjects with a complication related to the implanted system, which consisted of the pacemaker, leads to the right chambers of the heart (atrium and ventricle), pacemaker software, and programmer. All adverse events in the time frame were recorded at the subject's center and assessed by a centralized Adverse Event Advisory Committee. The committee determined whether each adverse event was a complication (requiring invasive intervention), and whether the event was related to the system. |
| Atrial Sensed Amplitude | 3 or 4 months post-implant | Average atrial sensed amplitude. |
| Ventricular Sensed Amplitude | 3 or 4 months post-implant | Average ventricular sensed amplitude. |
| Ventricular Pacing Capture Threshold | 3 or 4 months post-implant | Average ventricular pacing capture threshold. Pacing capture threshold is the energy needed to pace the heart. |
| System Related Adverse Device Effects Due to Labeling Instructions | Implant through 18 months post-implant | Number of participants with adverse device effects (ADEs) that resulted from insufficiencies or inadequacies in the instructions for use or deployment of the device, or from user error. ADE's were investigator-reported. |
| Occurrence of Arrhythmias | During the MRI scan | Number of participants with sustained ventricular arrhythmias or asystole episodes that occurred during the MRI scan that were considered attributable to the MRI scan |
| Atrial Lead Impedance Change | 9-12 week visit and 4-month visit | Subjects' atrial lead impedance (a measure of electrical resistance) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Both measurements were conducted by the pacemaker. The difference between the two is reported. |
| Ventricular Lead Impedance Change | 9-12 week visit and 4-month visit | Subjects' ventricular lead impedance (a measure of electrical resistance) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Both measurements were conducted by the pacemaker. The difference between the two is reported. |
Countries
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The first implant occurred 5 February 2007. A total of 484 subjects were enrolled, including 113 enrollments at 13 centers in the US and 371 enrollments at 29 centers outside of the US.
Pre-assignment details
Implant procedure included EnRhythm MRI SureScan pacemaker and 2 CapsureFix MRI 5086MRI leads. Pacemaker function and adverse events were assessed. 17 subjects did not have an implant attempt. 3 subjects received a subset of the 3 system components and were followed for safety. All other subjects were randomized after successful implant.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| MRI Group The MRI group underwent a one-hour MRI scan at 9-12 weeks post-implant. | 258 |
| Control Group The control group waited for one hour (did not have an MRI scan) at 9-12 weeks post-implant. | 206 |
| Total | 464 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 4 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Missed visit | 6 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Subject not yet due for visit | 4 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | MRI Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 183 Participants | 139 Participants | 322 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 75 Participants | 67 Participants | 142 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 69.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 | 68.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.6 | 68.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.8 |
| Region of Enrollment Canada | 34 participants | 32 participants | 66 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Europe | 157 participants | 141 participants | 298 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Middle East | 1 participants | 0 participants | 1 participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 66 participants | 33 participants | 99 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 104 Participants | 71 Participants | 175 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 154 Participants | 135 Participants | 289 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 24 / 260 | 19 / 207 | 0 / 20 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 117 / 260 | 77 / 207 | 3 / 20 |
Outcome results
Atrial Pacing Capture Threshold Success
Subjects' atrial pacing capture threshold (the energy sent from the pacemaker needed to make the heart's atrium beat) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Subjects were considered successful if their pacing capture threshold did not increase by 1.0 volt (V) or more.
Time frame: 9-12 week visit to 4-month visit
Population: Subjects were excluded from this analysis if: they did not have atrial pacing capture threshold measurements at 9-12 weeks or 4 months; or (for the MRI group) their MRI scan was not done according to protocol.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Atrial Pacing Capture Threshold Success | 165 participants |
| Control Group | Atrial Pacing Capture Threshold Success | 164 participants |
Atrial Sensed Amplitude Success
Subjects' atrial sensed amplitude (the minimum energy produced by the heart's atrium that the pacemaker can sense) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Subjects were considered successful if their sensed amplitude did not decrease by more than 50% and remained above 1.5 millivolts (mV).
Time frame: 9-12 week visit to 4-month visit
Population: Subjects were excluded from this analysis if: they did not have atrial sensed amplitude measurements at 9-12 weeks or 4 months; or (for the MRI group) their MRI scan was not done according to protocol; or if their 9-12 week atrial sensed amplitude was less than 1.5 mV.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Atrial Sensed Amplitude Success | 124 participants |
| Control Group | Atrial Sensed Amplitude Success | 129 participants |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Related Complications
Subjects with a complication related to the MRI scan. All adverse events in the time frame were recorded at the subject's center and assessed by a centralized Adverse Event Advisory Committee. The committee determined whether each adverse event was a complication (requiring invasive intervention), and whether the event was related to the MRI scan.
Time frame: MRI scan to one-month post-MRI scan
Population: Subjects who underwent an MRI scan following study protocol-specified instructions are included. Of the 243 subjects who completed a one-month post-MRI (4-month) visit, 32 did not complete the MRI scan according to the protocol instructions, and are not included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Related Complications | 0 participants |
Ventricular Pacing Capture Threshold Success
Subjects' ventricular pacing capture threshold (the energy sent from the pacemaker needed to make the heart's ventricle beat) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Subjects were considered successful if their pacing capture threshold did not increase by 1.0 volt (V) or more.
Time frame: 9-12 week visit to 4-month visit
Population: Subjects were excluded from this analysis if: they did not have ventricular pacing capture threshold measurements at 9-12 weeks or 4 months; or (for the MRI group) their MRI scan was not done according to protocol.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Ventricular Pacing Capture Threshold Success | 190 participants |
| Control Group | Ventricular Pacing Capture Threshold Success | 183 participants |
Ventricular Sensed Amplitude Success
Subjects' ventricular sensed amplitude (the minimum energy produced by the heart's ventricle that the pacemaker can sense) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Subjects were considered successful if their sensed amplitude did not decrease by more than 50% and remained above 5.0 millivolts (mV).
Time frame: 9-12 week visit to 4-month visit
Population: Subjects were excluded from this analysis if: they did not have ventricular sensed amplitude measurements at 9-12 weeks or 4 months; or (for the MRI group) their MRI scan was not done according to protocol; or if their 9-12 week ventricular sensed amplitude was less than 5.0 mV.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Ventricular Sensed Amplitude Success | 130 participants |
| Control Group | Ventricular Sensed Amplitude Success | 129 participants |
Atrial Lead Handling Rating
Physicians' rated atrial lead handling during the implant on a scale of -3 to +3 where: -3 = well below expectations; -2 = moderately below expectations; -1 = slightly below expectations; 0 = met expectations; +1 = slightly above expectations; +2 = moderately above expectations; and +3 = well above expectations.
Time frame: During implant
Population: All surveys completed are included
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Atrial Lead Handling Rating | 0.53 Units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.22 |
Atrial Lead Impedance Change
Subjects' atrial lead impedance (a measure of electrical resistance) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Both measurements were conducted by the pacemaker. The difference between the two is reported.
Time frame: 9-12 week visit and 4-month visit
Population: Subjects with non-missing data are included
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Atrial Lead Impedance Change | -0.6 ohms | Standard Deviation 61.8 |
| Control Group | Atrial Lead Impedance Change | 7.3 ohms | Standard Deviation 50.4 |
Atrial Pacing Capture Threshold
Average atrial pacing capture threshold. Pacing capture threshold is the energy needed to pace the heart.
Time frame: 3 or 4 months post-implant
Population: Includes all subjects with data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Atrial Pacing Capture Threshold | 0.78 Volts | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
| Control Group | Atrial Pacing Capture Threshold | 0.77 Volts | Standard Deviation 0.66 |
Atrial Sensed Amplitude
Average atrial sensed amplitude.
Time frame: 3 or 4 months post-implant
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Atrial Sensed Amplitude | 3.0 millivolt (mV) | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Control Group | Atrial Sensed Amplitude | 3.1 millivolt (mV) | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Occurrence of Arrhythmias
Number of participants with sustained ventricular arrhythmias or asystole episodes that occurred during the MRI scan that were considered attributable to the MRI scan
Time frame: During the MRI scan
Population: Arrhythmia was defined as heart rate \> 150 beats per minute for \> 30 seconds. Asystole was defined as standstill 6 seconds in electrical activity of the heart. Episodes were assessed via pulse oximetry monitoring during MRI scans.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Occurrence of Arrhythmias | 0 participants |
Subjects With System-related Complications
Subjects with a complication related to the implanted system, which consisted of the pacemaker, leads to the right chambers of the heart (atrium and ventricle), pacemaker software, and programmer. All adverse events in the time frame were recorded at the subject's center and assessed by a centralized Adverse Event Advisory Committee. The committee determined whether each adverse event was a complication (requiring invasive intervention), and whether the event was related to the system.
Time frame: Implant to 4 Months
Population: All implanted subjects with either a 4-month follow-up or a system-related complication within the first 4 months post-implant are included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Subjects With System-related Complications | 37 participants |
System Related Adverse Device Effects Due to Labeling Instructions
Number of participants with adverse device effects (ADEs) that resulted from insufficiencies or inadequacies in the instructions for use or deployment of the device, or from user error. ADE's were investigator-reported.
Time frame: Implant through 18 months post-implant
Population: Includes all subjects undergoing an MRI using the instructions in the protocol.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | System Related Adverse Device Effects Due to Labeling Instructions | 0 participants |
Ventricular Lead Handling Rating
Physicians' rated ventricular lead handling during the implant on a scale of -3 to +3 where: -3 = well below expectations; -2 = moderately below expectations; -1 = slightly below expectations; 0 = met expectations; +1 = slightly above expectations; +2 = moderately above expectations; and +3 = well above expectations.
Time frame: During implant
Population: All surveys completed are included
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Ventricular Lead Handling Rating | 0.58 Units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.17 |
Ventricular Lead Impedance Change
Subjects' ventricular lead impedance (a measure of electrical resistance) was measured at the 9-12 week visit (before the MRI scan was performed for those in the MRI group) and at the 4-month visit (one month post-MRI). Both measurements were conducted by the pacemaker. The difference between the two is reported.
Time frame: 9-12 week visit and 4-month visit
Population: Subjects with non-missing data are included
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Ventricular Lead Impedance Change | -9.0 ohms | Standard Deviation 48.5 |
| Control Group | Ventricular Lead Impedance Change | -5.7 ohms | Standard Deviation 51.8 |
Ventricular Pacing Capture Threshold
Average ventricular pacing capture threshold. Pacing capture threshold is the energy needed to pace the heart.
Time frame: 3 or 4 months post-implant
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Ventricular Pacing Capture Threshold | 0.82 Volts | Standard Deviation 0.3 |
| Control Group | Ventricular Pacing Capture Threshold | 0.90 Volts | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
Ventricular Sensed Amplitude
Average ventricular sensed amplitude.
Time frame: 3 or 4 months post-implant
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI Group | Ventricular Sensed Amplitude | 10.1 millivolt (mV) | Standard Deviation 5 |
| Control Group | Ventricular Sensed Amplitude | 10.2 millivolt (mV) | Standard Deviation 5.2 |