Hypertension
Conditions
Keywords
Blood Pressure, High, Stress, Inflammation
Brief summary
High blood pressure affects nearly one third of all individuals in the United States. If left untreated, it can lead to stroke, heart failure, heart attack, kidney failure, or blindness. For many people, the exact cause of high blood pressure is unknown, but it is believed that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of the condition. The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of genetics, inflammation, and stress on the development of high blood pressure.
Detailed description
High blood pressure is a complex condition that can be caused by many factors, including obesity, diet, genetics, or stress. Maintaining a healthy balance of sodium in the body is important for adequate blood pressure control. Some individuals experience sustained high blood pressure during periods of extended stress, combined with the inability to excrete enough sodium through urine to re-establish normal blood pressure levels. This type of stress-induced high blood pressure is related to interleukin-6 (IL-6), a protein that stimulates inflammation and immune responses. To determine the interaction between stress, inflammation, and genetics, this study will examine the role of IL-6 in regulating sodium levels and blood pressure in individuals undergoing stress. This information will be useful in determining new ways to evaluate risk factors for high blood pressure. This study will examine previously collected DNA samples from young adults who participated in prior genetic studies. There will be no study visits for participants. IL-6, IL-6R, glycoprotein 130 (gp130), and C-reactive protein (CRP) genes will be analyzed in all samples; changes in plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP in response to stress will be examined in selected samples. The parents of participants will be asked to provide cheek swabs for additional DNA analysis.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALInduced Stress
Participation in an active coping task by playing a video game against another participant.
PROCEDUREBuccal Swab
One Buccal swab collected from each parent
Sponsors
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Augusta University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Years to 19 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participated in two previous NIH funded studies HL073260, HL077230 * Biological parents willing to participate in the study * African American or European origins
Exclusion criteria
* Non-biological parents
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Urinary Sodium Excretion (UNaV) | Baseline and 4 hour | The value of Stress induced UNaV as determined by delta UNaV = stress UNaV - baseline UNaV. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Effect of Change in Stress Induced IL-6 on Systolic Blood Pressure | baseline and 4 hours | Stress induced systolic blood pressure (SBP) data generated from two previous studies was collected. In the previous studies, systolic blood pressures were measured before and after completing a video game challenge. Stress induced SBP is defined as delta SBP = stress SBP - baseline SBP. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
A study record search was completed on 500 youth for inflammatory marker Interleukin 6 (IL-6), genetic polymorphism and stress induced urinary sodium secretion data. 599 parents of identified subjects were asked to submit Buccal swabs for the analysis of IL-6 genes.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Children African American and Caucasian children age 15-19. | 500 |
| Parents African American and Caucasian parents, age 18-65. | 599 |
| Total | 1,099 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Children | Parents | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 500 Participants | 0 Participants | 500 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants | 599 Participants | 599 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 250 Participants | 389 Participants | 639 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 250 Participants | 210 Participants | 460 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 236 Participants | 457 Participants | 693 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 264 Participants | 142 Participants | 406 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 500 | 0 / 599 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 500 | 0 / 599 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Urinary Sodium Excretion (UNaV)
The value of Stress induced UNaV as determined by delta UNaV = stress UNaV - baseline UNaV.
Time frame: Baseline and 4 hour
Population: All 500 subjects in the group Children were analyzed. This data was not intended to be analyzed for Arm 2 Parents.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | Change in Urinary Sodium Excretion (UNaV) | Baseline | 11.8 pg/ml | Standard Deviation 5.6 |
| Children | Change in Urinary Sodium Excretion (UNaV) | 4 hours | 15.2 pg/ml | Standard Deviation 7 |
Secondary
The Effect of Change in Stress Induced IL-6 on Systolic Blood Pressure
Stress induced systolic blood pressure (SBP) data generated from two previous studies was collected. In the previous studies, systolic blood pressures were measured before and after completing a video game challenge. Stress induced SBP is defined as delta SBP = stress SBP - baseline SBP.
Time frame: baseline and 4 hours
Population: All 500 subjects in the group Children were analyzed. This data was not intended to be analyzed for Arm 2 Parents.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | The Effect of Change in Stress Induced IL-6 on Systolic Blood Pressure | Baseline | 108.9 mmHg | Standard Deviation 10.1 |
| Children | The Effect of Change in Stress Induced IL-6 on Systolic Blood Pressure | 4 hours | 113.3 mmHg | Standard Deviation 11.9 |