Depression, Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Partner Abuse, Tobacco Smoking
Conditions
Keywords
Pregnant women, Intervention Studies, African Americans, Infant Mortality, Environmental Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Depression, Partner Abuse, Tobacco Smoke
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine if an integrated intervention addressing active smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, depression and intimate partner violence, would improve pregnancy outcome among African American women.
Detailed description
This study recruited pregnant, English speaking women from the District of Columbia who were African American or Latina and had one or more of the following risk factors: active smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, depression and intimate partner violence. Women were randomized to receive either an integrated intervention or usual prenatal care. Women randomized to the intervention arm received a cognitive behavioral intervention delivered during the prenatal period in four to eight sessions. Up to two postpartum booster sessions were provided. Sessions were delivered coincident with prenatal care visits. Careful attention was paid to individualizing counseling to provide an integrated approach to each participant's multiple risk factors. The outcomes of interest were primarily behavior change with regard to the risk factors and secondarily to improved birth outcomes, specifically birthweight and gestation.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCognitive Behavioral Therapy
Sponsors
Children's National Research Institute
Georgetown University
George Washington University
Howard University
RTI International
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
ECT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* African American or Latina (by self report) * At least 18 years of age * English speaking * Pregnant less than or equal to 28 weeks gestation * Receiving prenatal care in the District of Columbia * Had one or more of the following risk factors: active smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, depression and intimate partner violence
Exclusion criteria
* Non-minority race (by self report) * Younger than 18 years of age * Non-English speaking * Not pregnant or pregnant greater than 28 weeks gestation * Receiving prenatal care outside the District of Columbia * Responded negatively to questions about risk factors * Suicidal ideation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Active smoking | — |
| Depression | — |
| Intimate Partner Violence | — |
| Reduction of risk behaviors: | — |
| Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| gestational age | — |
| birth weight | — |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed