Caregivers, Depression, Stress
Conditions
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, coping, quality of life, caregiving
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive counseling and support intervention for people who care for parents with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other dementias on outcomes such as stress, depression and ability to postpone or avoid nursing home placement.
Detailed description
Although a range of studies have examined the stress and depression of family caregivers of persons suffering from dementia, the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to assist caregiving families and their disabled elderly relatives is uncertain. The comprehensive support protocol to be implemented, the Enhanced Counseling and Support (ECS) program, has been successfully implemented at the Silberstein Aging and Dementia Research Center of New York University School of Medicine (NYU-ADRC) over the past 19 years. However, the initial evaluation of the ECS was limited to a single geographic area (New York City proper) and a specific type of dementia caregiver (spouses). The specific aims of this 4-year project are as follows: 1) Examine whether the ECS can achieve positive outcomes for adult child caregivers. Few psychosocial interventions are directed specifically at adult child caregivers, and evaluating the ECS in adult child caregiving situations, which few studies have done, will further demonstrate the effectiveness of this program and add considerably to the AD caregiver intervention literature; and 2) Determine if the ECS, an intervention of proven efficacy for AD caregivers in a northern U.S. urban community (New York City), will also be effective in alleviating negative outcomes among AD caregivers at a Midwestern project site. The study will ascertain whether the comprehensive support program developed at NYU is generalizable to caregivers from areas other than the New York City area and leads to similar benefits that are maintained over long periods of time (i.e., up to 3.5 years). In order to accomplish the specific aims of the project, the following study hypotheses have been proposed: 1. Adult child caregivers in the treatment conditions of the University of Minnesota (UM) and NYU-ADRC will report similar decreases on measures of stress when compared to usual-contact controls; 2. Adult child caregivers in the intervention conditions at both sites will develop improved social support resources and experience significantly greater decreases of family conflict in a similar manner; 3. Adult child caregivers in the treatment conditions at UM and NYU-ADRC will report similar decreases on global measures of psychological distress, such as depression. Similarly, treatment caregivers will report greater increases in subjective health than their counterparts in the usual-contact control; and 4. Membership in the treatment condition of the ECS and its benefits (e.g., increased social support, decreased stress) will lead to delayed institutionalization (e.g., nursing home placement) of care recipients at the UM and NYU-ADC sites.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALNYUCI-AC
Approximately six individual and family consultation sessions (2 individual, 3 family, 1 individual) within the first 4 months with adult child caregivers and/or their family members; support group participation (recommended at least once a month) after the completion of the individual and family consultation sessions for the duration of the project (up to 3 years after the intake interview); ad hoc consultation (ongoing in-person, telephone, or email support on an as-needed basis) for the duration of the project (up to 3 years after the intake interview); New York University Caregiver Intervention
Sponsors
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
University of Minnesota
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participant (i.e., adult child) must be the 'primary' caregiver of the patient with a diagnosis of dementia (i.e., the first person called if the patient is in need of help) at the time of the baseline interview * Must be a daughter, son, daughter-in-law, or son-in-law of the patient * Patient must live in the community (i.e., at home, with the caregiver, with other relatives) * Sees the individual with dementia once a week or more
Exclusion criteria
* Unable to understand or speak English comfortably * Inadequate hearing * Unwilling to participate in the study or sign the consent form * Suffered from or received treatment for an emotional or psychological disorder, such as depression, anxiety, or some other type of psychotic episode, within the past 6 months * Not physically able to participate * Received counseling for problems arising as a caregiver
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Care recipient nursing home/institutional placement | baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months; 24, 30, 36 months if possible | Adult child caregivers self-reported whether the care recipient was admitted to a residential care setting and the date of admission. |
| Caregiver emotional stress | baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months; 24, 30, 36 months if possible | Measures of role captivity, role overload, and general perceived stress. |
| caregiver depression | baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months; 24, 30, 36 months if possible | The Geriatric Depression Scale. |
| caregiver social support | baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months; 24, 30, 36 months if possible | Three single items that measured perceptions of support received by the adult child caregiver. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiver subjective health | baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months; 24, 30, 36 months if possible | Single item self-reported health as well as measures derived from the OARS. |
| secondary stressors | baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months; 24, 30, 36 months if possible | Measures of family and role conflict. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed