Cholangiocarcinoma of the Extrahepatic Bile Duct, Cholangiocarcinoma of the Gallbladder, Gastrointestinal Cancer, Recurrent Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Recurrent Gallbladder Cancer, Unresectable Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
This phase II trial is studying how well giving bevacizumab together with erlotinib hydrochloride works in treating patients with metastatic or unresectable biliary tumors. Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, can block tumor growth in different ways. Some block the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Others find tumor cells and help kill them or carry tumor-killing substances to them. Erlotinib hydrochloride may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Bevacizumab and erlotinib hydrochloride may also stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor. Giving bevacizumab together with erlotinib hydrochloride may kill more tumor cells.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the objective response rate in patients with metastatic or unresectable cholangiocarcinoma treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib hydrochloride. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate time to progression in these patients. II. Evaluate overall and progression-free survival of these patients. III. Evaluate the adverse events associated with this regimen. OUTLINE: This is an open-label, multicenter study. Patients receive bevacizumab intravenously (IV) over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15 and oral erlotinib hydrochloride daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. After completion of study therapy, patients are followed periodically for up to 3 years.
Interventions
DRUGerlotinib hydrochloride
Given orally, 150 mg, once daily.
BIOLOGICALbevacizumab
Given IV, 5mg/kg on days 1 and 15 every cycle
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Criteria: * Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mm3 * Histologically or cytologically confirmed cholangiocarcinoma or gallbladder carcinoma: * Metastatic or surgically unresectable disease * Measurable disease, defined as \>= 1 lesion whose longest diameter can be accurately measured as \>= 2.0 cm with conventional techniques or as \> 1.0 cm with spiral CT scan: * Spiral CT scan imaging must be used for pre- and post-treatment tumor measurements of lesions measuring \>= 1.0 cm to \< 2.0 cm * Clinical lesions will only be considered measurable when they are superficial * Lesions on chest x-ray are acceptable as measurable lesions when they are clearly defined and surrounded by aerated lung * No ampulla of Vater tumors * No evidence of CNS disease * Life expectancy \>= 3 months * ECOG performance status 0-2 * Platelet count \>= 75,000/mm3 * Total bilirubin =\< 2 times ULN * ALT and AST =\< 2.5 times ULN * Creatinine =\< 2 mg/dL * Albumin \>= 2.5 g/dL * Alkaline phosphatase =\< 5 times ULN * Urine protein:creatinine ratio \< 1.0 OR 24-hour urine protein \< 1000 mg * No concurrent illness or medical condition, including any of the following: * Impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function or disease that may significantly alter the absorption of erlotinib hydrochloride * Requirement for IV alimentation * No concurrent illness or medical condition, including any of the following: * Active peptic ulcer disease; * Serious or nonhealing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture; * GI bleed that required procedural intervention within the past 3 months * No concurrent illness or medical condition, including any of the following: * Abdominal fistula, GI perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within the past 28 days * Ongoing or active infection * Symptomatic congestive heart failure * Psychiatric illness or social situation that would limit study compliance * No other malignancy within the past 3 years * No abnormalities of the cornea * Not pregnant or nursing * Fertile patients must use effective contraception * No clinically significant cardiovascular disease * More than 4 weeks since prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) and recovered * No significant traumatic injury within the past 28 days * No prior systemic anticancer therapy for metastatic gallbladder or bile duct cancer * More than 28 days since prior major surgery \[Note: Insertion of a vascular access device is not considered major/minor surgery\] * More than 2 weeks since prior minor surgery \[Note: Insertion of a vascular access device is not considered major/minor surgery\] * More than 7 days since prior core biopsy * No concurrent major surgery * No other concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or any other therapy or supportive care considered investigational * No concurrent enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs or any other CYP3A4 inducer, such as rifampin or Hypericum perforatum * No concurrent combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive patients * No other concurrent investigational agents or other concurrent anticancer therapies * No concurrent prophylactic hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors * Concurrent full-dose anticoagulants allowed provided PT/INR is \> 1.5 and both of the following criteria are met: * In-range INR on a stable dose of oral anticoagulant OR on a stable dose of low molecular weight heparin * AND (continued from above) No active bleeding or pathological condition that carries a high risk of bleeding (e.g., tumor involving major vessels, gastrointestinal ulcerations, or known varices)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Confirmed Tumor Responses. | After 6 courses of treatment. Each course lasts 28 days. | Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the target lesions. A confirmed tumor response is defined to be either a Complete Response or a Partial Response noted as the objective status on 2 consecutive evaluations at least 4 weeks apart. Confirmed tumor responses will be evaluated using the first 6 cycles of treatment. All patients meeting the eligibility criteria who have signed a consent form and have begun treatment and had one post-baseline disease assessment will be evaluable for response. Forty-nine of the 53 eligible patients had at least one post-baseline disease assessment and were evaluable for this endpoint. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Survival Time | From registration to death due to any cause, assessed up to 3 years | Estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier (1958). |
| Time to Disease Progression | From registration to documentation of disease progression, assessed up to 3 years | Estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier (1958). |
| Duration of Response | From the date at which the patient's objective status is first noted to be either a CR or PR to the date progression is documented, assessed up to 3 years | Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the method of Duffy and Santner (1987). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Fifty-six patients were enrolled between August 2006 and April 2008 at eight sites in the Phase II Consortium. The data are reported as of November 2009.
Pre-assignment details
Three patients were ineligible after starting treatment (brain metastases, alteration in diagnosis, colitis). Two of these participants reported adverse events. Therefore, 56 participants were used for baseline, 53 patients were used for endpoint analyses, and 55 participants were used to report toxicity.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Bevacizumab and Erlotinib Hydrochloride Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15 and oral erlotinib hydrochloride daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Tumor tissue and blood specimens are collected periodically for correlative studies. Specimens are examined by immunohistochemistry for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and P-EGFR protein levels; AKT p-AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and P-MAPK protein levels; and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2 protein levels. EGFR mutations are detected by laser capture microdissection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is used to measure total and free serum VEGF levels. | 56 |
| Total | 56 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 1 |
| Overall Study | Protocol Violation | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Bevacizumab and Erlotinib Hydrochloride |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 63.5 years |
| Region of Enrollment Australia | 2 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Singapore | 4 participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 50 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 32 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 24 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 54 / 55 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 22 / 55 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Confirmed Tumor Responses.
Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the target lesions. A confirmed tumor response is defined to be either a Complete Response or a Partial Response noted as the objective status on 2 consecutive evaluations at least 4 weeks apart. Confirmed tumor responses will be evaluated using the first 6 cycles of treatment. All patients meeting the eligibility criteria who have signed a consent form and have begun treatment and had one post-baseline disease assessment will be evaluable for response. Forty-nine of the 53 eligible patients had at least one post-baseline disease assessment and were evaluable for this endpoint.
Time frame: After 6 courses of treatment. Each course lasts 28 days.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab and Erlotinib Hydrochloride | Number of Confirmed Tumor Responses. | Partial Response (PR) | 6 participants |
| Bevacizumab and Erlotinib Hydrochloride | Number of Confirmed Tumor Responses. | Complete Response (CR) | 0 participants |
Secondary
Duration of Response
Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the method of Duffy and Santner (1987).
Time frame: From the date at which the patient's objective status is first noted to be either a CR or PR to the date progression is documented, assessed up to 3 years
Population: There were 6 patients with a confirmed Partial Response.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab and Erlotinib Hydrochloride | Duration of Response | 8.4 months |
Secondary
Survival Time
Estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier (1958).
Time frame: From registration to death due to any cause, assessed up to 3 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab and Erlotinib Hydrochloride | Survival Time | 9.9 months |
Secondary
Time to Disease Progression
Estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier (1958).
Time frame: From registration to documentation of disease progression, assessed up to 3 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab and Erlotinib Hydrochloride | Time to Disease Progression | 4.4 months |