Nutritional Therapy of the Deficits of Oxidation Mitochondrial of the Fatty Acids

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

FAO disorders, long-chain FAO enzyme defects, inborn errors of metabolism, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1),, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CAT),, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2),, very-long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD),, L-3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), or trifunctional protein (MTP).

Usual dietary therapies of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAO) are based on 3 strategies: * limitation of lipid intake in the diet; * supplementation of the diet with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) for patients affected with disorders of long-chain FAO; * some specific supplementations (for example, L-carnitine). These strategies are often ineffective. The aim of the present study is to evaluate new therapeutic ways based on the underlying energetic defect observed in these disorders. The long-term goal is to develop efficient therapies of these disorders.

The main specific aim of this study will be to determine the efficiency of odd-chain MCT: TRIHEPTANOIN (Tri-C7) and its metabolites, BETA-HYDROXYPENTANOATE (BHP) and BETA-KETOPENTANOATE (BKP), as potential treatments by orale or enteral routes. These compounds are efficiently used for energy production, despite long-chain FAO enzyme defects. They use alternative metabolic pathways and have anaplerotic effects due to propionyl-CoA production by the thiolytic cleavage of odd carbon ketone bodies. The efficiency of these compounds will be compared with conventional diet (MCT) for each patient. Because of frequent phenotypic variations observed for each of these diseases, each patient will be his own control. The same protocol study will be followed in 2 centers: Dallas, USA (main investigator: Dr CR Roe) and Paris, France (main investigator: Dr G TOUATI). It is planned to include 80 patients (60 in Dallas, 20 in Paris), during the next 2 years. The patients will be affected with 6 proven defects that are specific defects of long-chain FAO: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CAT), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), very-long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), L-3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) or trifunctional protein (MTP). The used methodology will be a control randomized study to compare the efficiency of 2 diet therapies: TRIHEPTANOIN versus conventional MCT. The studied parameters will depend on each disease and will depend on the affected organs in each patient. Main studied clinical parameters will be: survival rate, number of metabolic acute decompensation, frequency and severity of hypoglycemias, frequency and severity of rhabdomyolyses, evolution of cardiac or hepatic manifestations, muscular strength, and quality of life. Main studied biological parameters will be: TRIHEPTANOIN use during meal tests, modifications of plasma acylcarnitines profile, modifications of urinary organic acids, blood measurements of CPK and transaminases. Cardiac echographies will be performed for the follow-up of cardiomyopathies, ergometric testing and strength tests will be performed for disorders that affect muscular function.

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