Cardiovascular Heart Disease, Metabolic Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
Fish oil, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Immune function, Endothelial function, Cardiovascular risk factors
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) on immune function and cardiovascular disease risk
Detailed description
In a controlled, double-blinded human intervention study the effects of fish oil versus control (olive oil) and of a high versus low consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are investigated. Sixty-seventy healthy men will be randomized to oil capsules and to substitute their dietary fats with one of two types of oil and butter-product that we provide. Outcome variables are ex vivo cytokine production in full blood and isolated immune cells after 24 h of stimulation with bacteria or bacterial components, blood pressure and arterial function, plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, C-reactive protein and a number of other markers of endothelial function and cardiovascular risk. The hypotheses are that both increased intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (from fish oil) and a low consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase incorporation of docosahexanoic acid in immune cell membranes and that this decreases the inflammatory response and potential and improve overall cardiovascular disease risk. The mechanistic aspects of this will be further explored by in vitro studies with monocytes cultured in the presence of varying amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALFish oil (Bio-Marine, Pharma Nord)
BEHAVIORALn-6 PUFA intake (Margarine+sunflower oil vs. butter product+rapeseed oil)
Sponsors
Danish Research Agency
Hjerteforeningen
Technical University of Denmark
University of Copenhagen
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy (no chronic diseases and no regular medications) * BMI \>18.5 and \<27.5 kg/m2 * Daily use of fats and home cooking \>5 d/wk * Heavy exercise \<7 h/wk * Not daily smokers (\<5 cigarets/wk)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Fatty acid composition of PMBC - before and after 2 mo of interventions and after 2 mo of follow-up | — |
| Ex vivo cytokine production (e.g. IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and interferon-γ) in whole blood and PBMC cultures after 24 h of stimulation - before and after interventions and after follow up | — |
| Plasma CRP, IL-6 & fibrinogen - before, after and follow-up | — |
| Plasma lipid profile: TAG, cholesterol, LDL & HDL - before, after and follow-up | — |
| Blood pressure - before, after and follow-up | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Plasma markers of endothelial function (e.g. VCAM-1, ICAM-1, Matrix metallo proteinases, E- & P-selectin, nitrite and endothelin-1) - before and after | — |
| Plasma CD40L - before, after and follow-up | — |
| RBC fatty acid composition - before, after and follow-up | — |
| Ex vivo cytokine production in isolated monocytes - after intervention only | — |
| Folate/homocysteine - before. after and follow-up | — |
| Lipoprotein(a) - before, after and follow-up | — |
| Coagulation factors (e.g. PAI, tPA, factor VII) - before, after and follow-up | — |
| Endothelial function (PWV and/or arterial compliance) - before & after | — |
| Superoxide production in full blood samples - before & after | — |
| Plasma insulin/glucose - before, after and follow-up | — |
| Anthropometric measures - before, after & follow-up | — |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed