Anxiety
Conditions
Keywords
children, anxiety, behavioral preparation, family, surgery, parents
Brief summary
Children experience significant anxiety and distress during the preoperative period. Currently available interventions are ineffective and/or associated with significant disadvantages. These interventions exclusively target the child and do not attempt to reduce parental anxiety. Based on an integration of the literature in both the anesthesia and psychological milieus, we developed ADVANCE, a behaviorally oriented anxiety reduction program for children undergoing surgery that targets the family as a whole.
Detailed description
Children and their parents (n=408) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) Control: received standard of care, 2) PPIA: received standard parental presence during induction of anesthesia, 3) ADVANCE: received family-centered behavioral preparation, and 4) oral Midazolam. We assessed the effect of group assignment on anxiety levels and postoperative outcomes.
Interventions
Sponsors
National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
Yale University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
2 Years to 10 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Children 2-10 years old who were in good health (American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I-II) and who were undergoing general anesthesia and elective, outpatient surgery, and their parents.
Exclusion criteria
* Children with a history of chronic illness, prematurity (fewer than 36 weeks gestation) or reported developmental delay
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Anxiety in children: modified Yale Preoperative anxiety scale | — |
| Anxiety in parents: STAI | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Emergence delirium | — |
| Analgesic consumption | — |
| Time to discharge from recovery room | — |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed