Diabetes, Obesity, Overweight
Conditions
Keywords
obesity, food intake, human, energy balance, beverage
Brief summary
The 2010 National Health Objectives call for a reduction in the prevalence of obesity. The marked recent increase in overweight and obesity prevalence implicates behavioral factors in the etiology of the epidemic. The present proposal hypothesizes the trend is attributal, in part, to increasing consumption of energy-yeilding beverages since they are a significant and increasing source of dietarty energy and they elicit weaker appetitive and dietary responses than solid foods.
Detailed description
Three human studies are propsed to more fully characterized attributes of liquids and solids that may account for the differential appetitive responses they elicit, potential contributory mechanisms as well as the dietary implications of their consumption. Study 1 will contrast the acute effects of fluid and solid foods varying in macronutrient content on satiation, satiety and feeding. Study 2 will determine if the pattern of fluid and solid ingestion influences satiety and feeding by monitoring appetitive and dietary responses to energy and macronutrient matched fluid and solid loads ingested as meal components or between meal snacks. To better assess the clinical implications ofdiets incorpprating liquid or solid supplements. Study 3 will entail chronic ingestion of matched energy yeilding fluid or solid loads with concurrent measurement of appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditureand body weight/composition.
Interventions
OTHERfood in fluid form
dietary intake of fluid forms of vegetables
OTHERfood in solid form
dietary intake of solid forms of vegetables
Sponsors
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Purdue University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* BMI 18-23 or 27-35 * weight stable * constant habitual activity pattern * low fruit/vegetable consumer * non-restrained eater
Exclusion criteria
* diabetic * taking medication known to influence appetite
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| satiation and satiety on liquid verses solid foods with concurrent measurements of appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure and body weight/composition. | 8 weeks |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| cephalic phase testing at week 8 | 30 minutes |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed