Opioid-Related Disorders
Conditions
Keywords
Opiate Addiction, Opiate Dependence
Brief summary
Individuals with opioid addiction often experience serious withdrawal symptoms that may make relapse unavoidable. Tramadol, a medication that is currently used to treat pain caused by chronic conditions such as cancer or joint pain, may also be effective at reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of tramadol at reducing withdrawal symptoms in individuals addicted to opioid drugs.
Detailed description
Opioid withdrawal symptoms are a major contributing factor for why opioid treatment programs often fail. Individuals with severe opioid withdrawal symptoms may experience shaking, muscle and bone pain, nausea, depression, anxiety, and drug craving. Tramadol is a medication that is currently used to treat moderate to severe pain in individuals with cancer, joint pain, or pain resulting from surgery. Because of its pharmacological profile, tramadol may also be useful in treating opioid withdrawal. Further research is needed to confirm the benefits of tramadol for opioid addicts. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of tramadol at reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent individuals. This 6-week inpatient study will enroll opioid-dependent individuals. Participants will be required to reside at the research clinic for the entire study. All participants will receive morphine maintenance treatment on a daily basis. Twice a week participants will take part in experimental challenge sessions in which they will be randomly assigned to receive varying doses of tramadol, naloxone, morphine, or placebo. These sessions will assess the ability of tramadol to suppress opioid withdrawal symptoms. Participants will complete performance tasks to measure psychomotor and cognitive functioning. Heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored throughout the experimental sessions. A specialized camera will also be used to assess pupillary response of the eyes. Questionnaires and self-reports will be completed to assess medication effects and withdrawal symptoms. Following the end of the study, all participants will be offered outpatient drug abuse treatment.
Interventions
DRUGTramadol
DRUGNaloxone
DRUGMorphine
Sponsors
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Meets DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for opioid dependence * Is in good physical health * Qualifies for treatment with opioid agonist therapy (e.g., methadone) * If female, must have a negative pregnancy test prior to study entry
Exclusion criteria
* Evidence of significant medical illness (e.g., insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) * Evidence of significant psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia) * Currently seeking treatment for substance abuse * Pregnant or breastfeeding
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Opioid withdrawal symptoms (measured by Visual Analog Scale during the experimental sessions) | — |
| Opioid agonist effects (measured by Visual Analog Scale during the experimental sessions) | — |
| Physiological effects (measured by pulse oximeter, blood pressure, heart rate, and pupillary camera during the experimental sessions) | — |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed