Fibromyalgia, Juvenile Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome (JPFS)
Conditions
Keywords
Fibromyalgia, Juvenile
Brief summary
The purpose of this research is to conduct an open, pilot trial to assess the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in the treatment of Juvenile Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome (JPFS).
Detailed description
Fibromyalgia is a common condition that is often challenging to treat. It is defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) as widespread pain of at least 3 months duration in combination with tenderness at 11 or more of 18 specific tender point sites on the body. The prevalence of JPFS in children and adolescents in the general population of the United States is unknown. Studies from Israel, Mexico, and Italy have estimated that the prevalence rate of JPFS in school children ranges from 1.24% to 6.20%, with girls making up the majority of cases. Information from a national registry in the United States indicates that JPFS accounts for about 7.7% of new patient diagnoses in a pediatric rheumatology setting. The mean age of onset of pediatric JPFS is 12 years. As in adults, JPFS has been diagnosed in children and adolescents using the ACR criteria. JPFS often leads to substantial morbidity and disability. For example, adolescents with JPFS reported significantly greater functional disability and greater number of school absences than those with other rheumatic diseases such as juvenile RA or lupus. The presence of high levels of pain and disability at this critical developmental stage place adolescents with JPFS at greater risk for long term social and occupational difficulties. Early diagnosis and effective intervention are therefore of critical importance.
Interventions
DRUGFluoxetine
Fluoxetine po 10-60 mg/day for 12 weeks. Fluoxetine was started at 10 mg once daily. The dose was flexibly dosed based on pain efficacy and tolerability to a final dose between 10 and 60 mg once daily
Sponsors
University of Cincinnati
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Masking description
Open Label
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
13 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Female or male outpatients 13 to 18 years of age. * Fulfillment of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for primary fibromyalgia. * Ability to understand and cooperate with study procedures. * Provision of parental written informed consent and verbal and written assent from the adolescent for participation in the study.
Exclusion criteria
* Unwillingness or inability on the part of the parent to provide written informed consent or for the adolescent to provide verbal and written assent. * Lifetime history of psychosis, hypomania or mania. * Diagnosis of alcohol or substance abuse or dependence within 6 months prior to screening visit. * Patients judged to be at serious suicide or homicide risk. * Girls who are pregnant or lactating. Girls of childbearing potential who are not using a medically accepted method of contraception (including barrier or hormonal methods). * Clinically unstable medical or psychiatric conditions that could interfere with the absorption, metabolism, excretion, or safety of fluoxetine or interfere with the assessment of disease severity. * Inability to exclude traumatic injury, regional or structural rheumatic disease, or infectious arthropathy as the etiology of their relevant fibromyalgia symptoms and that would interfere with interpretation of outcome measures (e.g., osteoarthritis, bursitis, tendonitis). * History of an autoimmune disease or inflammatory arthritis, such as systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). * Treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, tricyclic, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, or lithium within 2 weeks prior to beginning study medication. * Treatment with analgesic medication (with the exception of acetaminophen and over-the-counter NSAIDs) within one week prior to beginning study medication. * Treatment with any other excluded medication that cannot be discontinued at the screening visit. * Previous treatment with fluoxetine. * Treatment with any investigational medications within 30 days prior to screening.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Average Pain Severity Score | Daily on average in the past week. | The primary outcome measure was average pain severity on the Pediatric Pain Questionnaire's 100-mm visual analog scale. (0=no pain and 100 = severe pain ) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Patient Global Impression of Improvement | since baseline, at the time of the assessment | Measures the patient's impression of improvement since baseline on a scale of 1 (very much better) to 7 (very much worse). |
| The Functional Disability Inventory-child Version | Over the last few days. | A self-report inventory that assesses patients' ability to perform a variety of daily physical, social, and recreational activities. The scale ranges from 0 (no disability) to 60 (severe disability). |
| The Functional Disability Inventory-parent Version | Over the last few days. | Consists of the same 15 items as the child version but allows the parent to provide their perception of the child's difficulty in performing daily physical, social, and recreational activities. The score ranges from 0 (no disability) to 60 (severe disability). |
| The Clinical Global Impression of Severity | at the time of the assessment | Measures severity of illness at the time of the assessment on a scale of 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill). |
| Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children | Over the past week. | A 39-item self-report inventory that assesses four areas of anxiety symptoms (emotional, cognitive, physical, and behavioral). Score ranges from 0 (no anxiety symptoms) to 117 (severe anxiety symptoms). |
| Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire Modified for Children | Over the past week. | A 19 item self-report instrument that measures overall impact of fibromyalgia including assessments of function, pain, fatigue, sleep quality, stiffness, anxiety and depression. Score range from 0 (no impact) to 100 (severe impact). |
| Children's Depression Inventory | Over the past 2 weeks. | A 27-item, self-report measure of depressive symptoms with a score range of 0 (no depressive symptoms) to 54 (severe depressive symptoms. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Female or male patients from Children's Hospital pediatric outpatient rheumatology clinic were eligible for the trial if they were 13 to 17 years and met study criteria.
Pre-assignment details
Patients who met entry criteria for juvenile fibromyalgia but did not meet any exclusion criteria.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Fluoxetine All eligible patients were given fluoxetine | 6 |
| Total | 6 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Fluoxetine |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 6 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 15.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.25 |
| Average Pain Severity | 62 mm |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 6 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 6 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 1 / 6 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 6 |
Outcome results
Primary
Average Pain Severity Score
The primary outcome measure was average pain severity on the Pediatric Pain Questionnaire's 100-mm visual analog scale. (0=no pain and 100 = severe pain )
Time frame: Daily on average in the past week.
Population: 6 participants out of 10 screened met entry criteria. Two were terminated due to serious adverse events (SAEs).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine | Average Pain Severity Score | 62 mm | Standard Deviation 11.9 |
Secondary
Children's Depression Inventory
A 27-item, self-report measure of depressive symptoms with a score range of 0 (no depressive symptoms) to 54 (severe depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Over the past 2 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine | Children's Depression Inventory | 14.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.3 |
Secondary
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire Modified for Children
A 19 item self-report instrument that measures overall impact of fibromyalgia including assessments of function, pain, fatigue, sleep quality, stiffness, anxiety and depression. Score range from 0 (no impact) to 100 (severe impact).
Time frame: Over the past week.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine | Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire Modified for Children | 55.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.3 |
Secondary
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children
A 39-item self-report inventory that assesses four areas of anxiety symptoms (emotional, cognitive, physical, and behavioral). Score ranges from 0 (no anxiety symptoms) to 117 (severe anxiety symptoms).
Time frame: Over the past week.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine | Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children | 52 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 30.9 |
Secondary
The Clinical Global Impression of Severity
Measures severity of illness at the time of the assessment on a scale of 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill).
Time frame: at the time of the assessment
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine | The Clinical Global Impression of Severity | 5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
Secondary
The Functional Disability Inventory-child Version
A self-report inventory that assesses patients' ability to perform a variety of daily physical, social, and recreational activities. The scale ranges from 0 (no disability) to 60 (severe disability).
Time frame: Over the last few days.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine | The Functional Disability Inventory-child Version | 24.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.5 |
Secondary
The Functional Disability Inventory-parent Version
Consists of the same 15 items as the child version but allows the parent to provide their perception of the child's difficulty in performing daily physical, social, and recreational activities. The score ranges from 0 (no disability) to 60 (severe disability).
Time frame: Over the last few days.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine | The Functional Disability Inventory-parent Version | 19.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.4 |
Secondary
The Patient Global Impression of Improvement
Measures the patient's impression of improvement since baseline on a scale of 1 (very much better) to 7 (very much worse).
Time frame: since baseline, at the time of the assessment
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine | The Patient Global Impression of Improvement | 1.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |