Prostate Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Hormone-Refractory, Proteomics, Angiogenesis, VEGFR, Prostate Cancer, Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Brief summary
BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) is an experimental cancer drug produced by Bayer Health Care Corporation. It represents a new class of anticancer agents known as bi-aryl ureas. This study will investigate its effect on prostate cancer and its side effects. Researchers expect to enroll a maximum of 46 men with prostate cancer for this study. The duration of the study will depend on its results. Before beginning to take the drug, patients will be admitted to the hospital for 2 days, have a medical examination and give blood samples, and have a tumor or bone marrow biopsy. On the first day of the study, patients will begin taking the drug as 2 tablets twice daily, morning and evening. Blood will be taken throughout the day to determine the drug's level in the bloodstream. Patients will be discharged from the hospital on the second day, and will continue to take the drug twice daily until instructed to stop. During each of the first 4 weeks, patients will be required to have their blood pressure checked. At the end of the first 4 weeks, patients will have a physical examination and blood tests, as well as a second tumor or bone marrow biopsy. After the first 4 weeks, patients will continue with their drug regimen. At the end of each 4-week cycle, patients will have a physical examination and blood tests. Patients will also have x-Rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) at every other 4-week examination or as required. Patients will be asked to keep a diary recording the time and amount of their medication for this study.
Detailed description
BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) is a potent inhibitor of wild-type and mutant b-Raf and c-Raf kinase isoforms in vitro. In addition, this agent also inhibits p38, c-kit, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta) affecting tumor growth as well as possibly promoting apoptosis by events downstream of c-Raf. At this time, over 500 patients have been treated with this drug with tolerable side effects. The primary objective of this study is to determine if BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) is associated with a 50% 4 month probability of progression free survival in patients with metastatic androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) as determined by clinical, radiographic, and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) criteria. The secondary objective of this study will be demonstration of biologic effect by the drug in the patient and on the tumor (when possible). Correlative studies will be conducted on serially obtained tissue biopsies, bone marrow biopsies, and white blood cell collections. These laboratory correlates will include elucidation of activation of components of the Raf-extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)-methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and angiogenesis pathways using protein microarray technologies developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI)/Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical proteomics program. Per Amendment D, a secondary objective of this study will also be to determine the time to progression measured by clinical and radiographic criteria. The 22 patients treated on the first stage of this protocol will be retrospectively evaluated with respect to this secondary endpoint possible. Please refer to the statistics section for further details. The combination of correlated clinical and laboratory endpoints with emphasis on molecular signaling will provide new information on the anti-tumor effects helping to characterize its role in the treatment of androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC).
Interventions
DRUGBAY 43-9006
400 mg BAY 43-9006 orally twice daily in 28 day cycles.
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* INCLUSION CRITERIA Patients must have histopathological confirmation of prostate cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) or Pathology Department of the National Naval Medical Center prior to entering this study. Patients whose pathology specimens are no longer available may be enrolled in the trial if the patient has a clinical course consistent with prostate cancer and available documentation from an outside pathology laboratory of the diagnosis. In cases where original tissue blocks or archival biopsy material is available, all efforts should be made to have the material forwarded to the research team for use in correlative studies. Patients must have metastatic progressive androgen-independent prostate cancer. There must be radiographic evidence of disease after primary treatment with either surgery or radiotherapy that has continued to progress despite hormonal agents. Progression requires that a measurable lesion is expanding, new lesions have appeared, and/or that prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is continuing to rise on successive measurements. Patients on flutamide must have disease progression at least 4 weeks after withdrawal. Patients on bicalutamide or nilutamide must have progression at least 6 weeks after withdrawal. Patients may have had no more than 1 previous cytoxic chemotherapeutic line. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) in patients less than 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study. Patients must have a life expectancy of more than 3 months. Patients must have a performance status of 0 to 2 according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) criteria. Patient must have adequate organ function as defined below: Leukocytes greater than or equal to 3,000/microL Absolute neutrophil count greater than or equal to 1,500/microL Platelets greater than or equal to 100,000/microL Total bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 X institutional upper limits of normal Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT) less than or equal to 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal Creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 X institutional upper limits of normal OR: Creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal. Patients must have recovered from any acute toxicity related to prior therapy, including surgery. Toxicity should be less than or equal to grade 1 or returned to baseline. Hormonal profile: all patients who have not undergone bilateral surgical castration must continue suppression of testosterone production by appropriate usage of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Patients must not have other invasive malignancies (within the past two years with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancers or non-invasive bladder cancer). Patients must be able to understand and sign an informed consent form. Concurrent use of bisphosphonates will be allowed for patients with known bone metastases Patients who require hematopoietic growth factor support (e.g. epogen, darbepoetin), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), and other maintenance medications prior to study entry will be allowed to continue their supportive therapies. The effects of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. For this reason and because Raf-kinase inhibitors are known to be teratogenic, men must agree to use adequate contraception (abstinence; hormonal or barrier method of birth control) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation.
Exclusion criteria
Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy (including radioisotopes) within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C, greater than 3 months for suramin) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier. Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents. Patients with known brain metastases are excluded from this clinical trial because of their poor prognosis and because they often develop progressive neurologic dysfunction that would confound the evaluation of neurologic and other adverse events. History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements. Hypertension as defined by systolic blood pressure in excess of 170 mmHg or diastolic pressure in excess of 100 mmHg. Patients with a history of hypertension that is well controlled on medication will not be excluded. Patients may not be on either verapamil or diltiazem while on study. Use of calcium channel blocker should be discouraged. Patients with immune deficiency are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy. Therefore, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy are excluded from the study because of possible pharmacokinetic interactions with BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib). Appropriate studies will be undertaken in patients receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy when indicated. History of bleeding diathesis Patients on therapeutic anticoagulation are at increased risk from bleeding while on BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib). Prophylactic anticoagulation (i.e. low dose warfarin) of venous or arterial access devices is allowed provided that the requirements for prothrombin time (PT), International normalized ratio (INR) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) are met: PT less than 1.1 x institutional upper limit of normal; INR less than 1.1; PTT within the institutional limits of normal. These requirements will only be made upon those patients on warfarin. INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES Men of all races and ethnic groups are eligible for this trial. Women are excluded by the nature of the disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression Free Survival | 4 months | Determine whether BAY 43-9006 when used to treat metastatic prostate cancer is associated with having 50% of Patients Progression Free at 4 Months by clinical, radiographic, and prostatic specific antigen (PSA)criteria. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Median Overall Survival | Time from treatment start date until date of death or date last known alive, approximately 18.3 months. | Time from treatment start date until date of death or date last known alive. |
| Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Every 2 cycles (1 cycle = 28 days) | Overall response was evaluated by the RECIST. Complete Response (CR) is the disappearance of all target lesions. Partial Response (PR) is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Progressive Disease (PD) is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study. Stable Disease (SD) is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study. |
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events | Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 49 months. | Here is the number of participants with adverse events. For the detailed list of adverse events, see the adverse event module. |
| Geometric Mean for Exposure Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0-12 | 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-dose | Geometric mean exposure for sorafenib. |
| Time to Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) | 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-dose | Time to maximum concentration for sorafenib. |
| Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) | 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, AND 24 hours post dose | Plasma concentration-time profile for sorafenib. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| First Stage - Disease Progression The first stage was to rule out the probability of 4 month progression free survival.
Patients were given 400 mg BAY 43-9006 orally twice daily in 28 day cycles. | 22 |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual Due to prostatic specific antigen and radiographic discordance during the first stage, the protocol was amended to allow accrual to a second stage.
Patients were given 400 mg BAY 43-9006 orally twice daily in 28 day cycles | 24 |
| Total | 46 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 0 | 2 |
| Overall Study | Death | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Disease progression on study | 21 | 17 |
| Overall Study | Refused further treatment | 1 | 4 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | First Stage - Disease Progression | Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 9 Participants | 14 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 13 Participants | 10 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 64.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.04 | 68.08 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.17 | 66.52 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.87 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 21 Participants | 23 Participants | 44 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black or African American | 1 Participants | 5 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 21 Participants | 19 Participants | 40 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 22 Participants | 24 Participants | 46 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 22 Participants | 24 Participants | 46 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 22 | 1 / 24 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 22 / 22 | 23 / 24 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 22 | 6 / 24 |
Outcome results
Primary
Progression Free Survival
Determine whether BAY 43-9006 when used to treat metastatic prostate cancer is associated with having 50% of Patients Progression Free at 4 Months by clinical, radiographic, and prostatic specific antigen (PSA)criteria.
Time frame: 4 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Progression Free Survival | 1.83 months |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Progression Free Survival | 3.7 months |
Secondary
Geometric Mean for Exposure Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0-12
Geometric mean exposure for sorafenib.
Time frame: 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-dose
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Geometric Mean for Exposure Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0-12 | 9.76 mg/L.h |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Geometric Mean for Exposure Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0-12 | 18.63 mg/L.h |
Secondary
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib)
Plasma concentration-time profile for sorafenib.
Time frame: 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, AND 24 hours post dose
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) | 1.28 mg/L |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) | 2.57 mg/L |
Secondary
Median Overall Survival
Time from treatment start date until date of death or date last known alive.
Time frame: Time from treatment start date until date of death or date last known alive, approximately 18.3 months.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Median Overall Survival | 18 Months |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Median Overall Survival | 18.3 Months |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Adverse Events
Here is the number of participants with adverse events. For the detailed list of adverse events, see the adverse event module.
Time frame: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 49 months.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Number of Participants With Adverse Events | 22 Participants |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Number of Participants With Adverse Events | 23 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)
Overall response was evaluated by the RECIST. Complete Response (CR) is the disappearance of all target lesions. Partial Response (PR) is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Progressive Disease (PD) is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study. Stable Disease (SD) is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study.
Time frame: Every 2 cycles (1 cycle = 28 days)
Population: For stage 1, not all patients were analyzed for RECIST. Some patients came off study for rising prostatic specific antigen (PSA) only.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Complete Response | 0 Participants |
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Partial Response | 0 Participants |
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Progressive Disease | 8 Participants |
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Stable Disease | 0 Participants |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Stable Disease | 10 Participants |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Complete Response | 0 Participants |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Progressive Disease | 13 Participants |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Overall Response Evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Partial Response | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Time to Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib)
Time to maximum concentration for sorafenib.
Time frame: 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-dose
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| First Stage - Disease Progression | Time to Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) | 0.68 hours |
| Second Stage - Increased Accrual | Time to Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) | 8 hours |