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Study of BAY43-9006 in Patients With Unresectable and/or Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer

A Phase III Randomized Study of BAY43-9006 in Patients With Unresectable and/or Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer.

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT00073307
Enrollment
903
Registered
2003-11-21
Start date
2003-11-30
Completion date
2010-04-30
Last updated
2014-02-06

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Carcinoma, Renal Cell

Keywords

Renal Cell Cancer (RCC), Cancer

Brief summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety, efficacy (including quality of life), and pharmacokinetics of BAY43-9006 when added to Best Supportive Care in patients with unresectable and/or metastatic renal cell cancer, who have received one prior systemic regimen for advanced disease.

Detailed description

Overall Survival (OS), Patient-reported outcome (PRO)

Interventions

DRUGSorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)

Multi Kinase Inhibitor

DRUGPlacebo

Placebo

Sponsors

Amgen
CollaboratorINDUSTRY
Bayer
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Patients with unresectable and/or metastatic, measurable renal cell carcinoma histologically or cytologically documented * Patients must have had one prior systemic therapy for advanced disease, which was completed at least 30 days but no longer than 8 months prior to randomization * Patients who have at least one uni-dimensional measurable lesion by CT-scan or MRI according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) * Patients who have an Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 * Patients who have adequate coagulation, liver and kidney functions

Exclusion criteria

* Patients with rare subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) such as pure papillary cell tumors, mixed tumor containing predominantly sarcomatoid cells, Bellini carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, or chromophobe oncocytic tumors * Previous malignancy (except for cervical carcinoma in situ, adequately treated basal cell carcinoma,or superficial bladder tumors, or other malignancies curatively treated \> 2 years prior to entry * Cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmics, symptomatic coronary artery disease or ischemia or congestive heart failure * Patients with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or chronic hepatitis B or C * Patients with a history or presence of metastatic brain or meningeal tumors * Patients with seizure disorder requiring medication (such as anti-epileptics) * History of organ allograft or bone marrow transplant of stem cell rescue * Patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test prior to drug administration. Both men and women enrolled in this trial must use adequate birth control * Patients who have three or more of the following: * ECOG performance status greater than or equal to 2, * Abnormally high lactate dehydrogenase, * Abnormally high serum hemoglobin, * Abnormally high corrected serum calcium, * Absence of prior nephrectomy * Excluded therapies and medications, previous and concomitant: * Concurrent anti-cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy or hormonal therapy except biphosphonates * Significant surgery with 4 weeks of start of study * Investigational drug therapy during or within 30 days * Concomitant treatment with rifampin or St. John's Wort * Prior use of Raf-kinase inhibitors (RKI), MEK or Farnesyl transferase inhibitors * Prior use of Bevacizumab, and all other drugs (investigational or licensed) that target VEGF/VEGF receptors

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Final Overall Survival (OS) - Primary Analysis in the ITT (Intent To Treat) PopulationFrom start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (8Sep2006) for the final OS analysis, approximately 33 months laterOverall survival determined as the time (days) from the date of randomization at start of study to the date of death, due to any cause. Outcome measure was assessed regularly, i.e. every 3 weeks for the first 24 weeks during treatment and every 4 weeks thereafter and approximately every 3 months during post-treatment.
Final Overall Survival - Secondary Analysis (Placebo Data Censored at 30June2005) in the ITT PopulationFrom start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (8Sep2006) for the final OS analysis, approximately 33 months laterOverall survival determined as the time (days) from the date of randomization at start of study to the date of death, due to any cause. Outcome measure was assessed regularly, i.e. every 3 weeks for the first 24 weeks during treatment and every 4 weeks thereafter and approximately every 3 months during post-treatment.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Final Progression-Free Survival (PFS) - Independent Radiological ReviewFrom start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (28Jan2005), approximately 14 months later, tumors assessed every 8 weeks.PFS determined as the time (days) from the date of randomization at start of study to the actual date of disease progression (PD) (radiological or clinical) or death due to any cause, if death occurred before PD. Outcome measure was assessed approximately every 8 weeks using RECIST v1.0 criteria by independent radiologic review. Radiological PD defined as at least 20% increase in sum of longest diameter (LD) of measured lesions taking as reference smallest sum LD recorded since treatment started or appearance of new lesions.
Best Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewFrom start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (28Jan2005), approximately 14 months later, tumors assessed every 8 weeks.Best overall response was determined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.0 by independent radiologic review. Categories: complete response (CR, tumor disappears), partial response (PR, sum of lesion sizes decreased), stable disease (SD, steady state of disease), progressive disease (PD, sum of lesion sizes increased) and not evaluated.
Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentFrom start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (31May2005), approximately 18 months later, PRO data collected at Day 1 of each cycle and end of treatment.Primary Analysis for FKSI-10 patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure defined as longitudinal analysis of mean score over the first 5 treatment cycles. FKSI-10 patient responses for each question range from 0=not at all to 4=very much and after reverse coding the range of values for FKSI-10 total score is from 0 to 40; higher score represents better HRQOL.
Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentFrom start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (31May2005), approximately 18 months later, PRO data collected at Day 1 of each cycle and end of treatment.Primary Analysis for FACT-G (using PWB score) patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure defined as longitudinal analysis of mean score over the first 5 treatment cycles. FACT-G (PWB score) patient responses for each question range from 0=not at all to 4=very much and after reverse coding the total FACT-G (PWB score) range of values is from 0 to 28; higher score represents better HRQOL.

Countries

Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States

Participant flow

Recruitment details

From randomization start on 01 Dec 2003 to 31 May 2005 \[last subject randomized\]. One subject randomized in Placebo did not receive treatment. This study was conducted at 120 centers from 19 countries.

Pre-assignment details

Enrollment included outpatients with documented unresectable and/or metastatic RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma), and subjects who had 1 prior systemic therapy for advanced disease on which the subject progressed, at least 1 unidimensional measurable lesion, intermediate or low Motzer risk score, life expectancy of 12 weeks.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)
Sorafenib was to be orally administered as 2 x 200 mg tablets bid (twice daily). Dose modification due to toxicity was permitted.
451
Placebo
Subjects received matching placebo tablets administered orally twice a day. \[until \ 31 May 2005\]
452
Total903

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001FG002
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)Adverse Event22170
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)entered Open Label (OL); Sorafenib only1651140
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)Lost to Follow-up160
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)Non-compliant with Study medication120
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)Protocol driven decision point010
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)Protocol Violation110
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)Subject did not receive treatment010
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)Unknown reason.100
Double-Blind (DB, as of ~31May2005)Withdrawal by Subject6110
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Adverse Event17019
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Did not enter OL/ Sorafenib only phase35083
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Lost to Follow-up202
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Missing301
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]No record of treatment discontinuation1909
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Per Investigator, not protocol driven101
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Study terminated by Sponsor37028
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Switched to commercial drug101
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Switched to commercial drug (code error)003
Open Label-Sorafenib Only [30Jun2008]Withdrawal by Subject1909

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicSorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)PlaceboTotal
Age, Continuous58.0 Years59.0 Years59.0 Years
Age, Customized
<65 years
304 Participants328 Participants632 Participants
Age, Customized
>= 65 years
147 Participants124 Participants271 Participants
Cancer Subtypes
Clear Cell
449 Participants with carcinoma type447 Participants with carcinoma type896 Participants with carcinoma type
Cancer Subtypes
Granular
1 Participants with carcinoma type2 Participants with carcinoma type3 Participants with carcinoma type
Cancer Subtypes
Papillary
1 Participants with carcinoma type3 Participants with carcinoma type4 Participants with carcinoma type
ECOG Performance Status (PS)
Missing
2 Participants by scale2 Participants by scale4 Participants by scale
ECOG Performance Status (PS)
PS 0
219 Participants by scale211 Participants by scale430 Participants by scale
ECOG Performance Status (PS)
PS 1
223 Participants by scale235 Participants by scale458 Participants by scale
ECOG Performance Status (PS)
PS 2
7 Participants by scale4 Participants by scale11 Participants by scale
Motzer Category (Low, intermediate or high)
Intermediate
217 Participants232 Participants449 Participants
Motzer Category (Low, intermediate or high)
Low
234 Participants219 Participants453 Participants
Motzer Category (Low, intermediate or high)
Missing
0 Participants1 Participants1 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
136 Participants112 Participants248 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
315 Participants340 Participants655 Participants
TNM Classification at study entry
Stage III
18 Participants14 Participants32 Participants
TNM Classification at study entry
Stage IV
433 Participants438 Participants871 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
EG002
affected / at risk
EG003
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
— / —— / —— / —— / —
other
Total, other adverse events
407 / 451346 / 451425 / 452200 / 216
serious
Total, serious adverse events
154 / 451110 / 451245 / 452124 / 216

Outcome results

Primary

Final Overall Survival (OS) - Primary Analysis in the ITT (Intent To Treat) Population

Overall survival determined as the time (days) from the date of randomization at start of study to the date of death, due to any cause. Outcome measure was assessed regularly, i.e. every 3 weeks for the first 24 weeks during treatment and every 4 weeks thereafter and approximately every 3 months during post-treatment.

Time frame: From start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (8Sep2006) for the final OS analysis, approximately 33 months later

Population: Evaluations based on ITT population. Subjects alive at time of analysis were censored at last date of follow-up (FU) (last visit or contact or at data cut-off date). In case of incomplete date, day was missing, day 15 was used.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Final Overall Survival (OS) - Primary Analysis in the ITT (Intent To Treat) Population542 days
PlaceboFinal Overall Survival (OS) - Primary Analysis in the ITT (Intent To Treat) Population461 days
Comparison: Sample size based on primary efficacy endpoint of OS. Clinically meaningful improvement defined as 33.3% improvement in median OS (i.e. HR of 0.75, Sorafenib over Placebo). With overall two-sided alpha of 0.04, 90% power and randomization of 1:1, two formal interim analyses and one final analysis were planned using O'Brien-Fleming type error spending function, and a total of approximately 540 events (deaths) were required for the final analysis.p-value: 0.14695% CI: [0.74, 1.04]Log Rank
Primary

Final Overall Survival - Secondary Analysis (Placebo Data Censored at 30June2005) in the ITT Population

Overall survival determined as the time (days) from the date of randomization at start of study to the date of death, due to any cause. Outcome measure was assessed regularly, i.e. every 3 weeks for the first 24 weeks during treatment and every 4 weeks thereafter and approximately every 3 months during post-treatment.

Time frame: From start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (8Sep2006) for the final OS analysis, approximately 33 months later

Population: Evaluations based on ITT population. Subjects alive at time of analysis were censored at last date of FU (last visit or contact or at data cut-off date). In case of incomplete date, missing day, day 15 was used. Placebo censored at 30June2005, approximate time of crossover of placebo subjects to sorafenib. NA - not estimable due to censored data.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Final Overall Survival - Secondary Analysis (Placebo Data Censored at 30June2005) in the ITT Population542 days
PlaceboFinal Overall Survival - Secondary Analysis (Placebo Data Censored at 30June2005) in the ITT Population436 days
Comparison: Sample size based on primary efficacy endpoint of OS. Clinically meaningful improvement defined as 33.3% improvement in median OS (i.e. HR of 0.75, Sorafenib over Placebo). With overall two-sided alpha of 0.04, 90% power and randomization of 1:1, two formal interim analyses and one final analysis were planned using O'Brien-Fleming type error spending function, and a total of approximately 540 events (deaths) were required for the final analysis.p-value: 0.028795% CI: [0.62, 0.97]Log Rank
Secondary

Best Overall Response - Independent Radiological Review

Best overall response was determined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.0 by independent radiologic review. Categories: complete response (CR, tumor disappears), partial response (PR, sum of lesion sizes decreased), stable disease (SD, steady state of disease), progressive disease (PD, sum of lesion sizes increased) and not evaluated.

Time frame: From start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (28Jan2005), approximately 14 months later, tumors assessed every 8 weeks.

Population: Evaluations of best overall response based on the valid for response population, where as per protocol, subjects were to have first post-baseline tumor evaluation performed at the end of Cycle 1 (6 weeks post-randomization). Of the ITT population that met this criteria as of the 28Jan2005 data cut, 672 subjects were valid for response.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (NUMBER)
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Best Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewPartial Response2.1 percentage of participants
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Best Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewProgressive Disease8.7 percentage of participants
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Best Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewStable Disease77.9 percentage of participants
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Best Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewNot Evaluated11.3 percentage of participants
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Best Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewComplete Response0.0 percentage of participants
PlaceboBest Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewNot Evaluated14.5 percentage of participants
PlaceboBest Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewComplete Response0.0 percentage of participants
PlaceboBest Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewPartial Response0.0 percentage of participants
PlaceboBest Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewStable Disease55.2 percentage of participants
PlaceboBest Overall Response - Independent Radiological ReviewProgressive Disease30.3 percentage of participants
95% CI: [-3.7, -0.6]Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
Secondary

Final Progression-Free Survival (PFS) - Independent Radiological Review

PFS determined as the time (days) from the date of randomization at start of study to the actual date of disease progression (PD) (radiological or clinical) or death due to any cause, if death occurred before PD. Outcome measure was assessed approximately every 8 weeks using RECIST v1.0 criteria by independent radiologic review. Radiological PD defined as at least 20% increase in sum of longest diameter (LD) of measured lesions taking as reference smallest sum LD recorded since treatment started or appearance of new lesions.

Time frame: From start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (28Jan2005), approximately 14 months later, tumors assessed every 8 weeks.

Population: Evaluations based on ITT population as of 28Jan2005 data cut; 769 subjects randomized at that time. PFS determined as time from randomization to actual date of disease progression (PD) (radiological or clinical) or death, if death occurred before PD. Subjects without PD or death at time of analysis were censored at last date of tumor assessment.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Final Progression-Free Survival (PFS) - Independent Radiological Review167 days
PlaceboFinal Progression-Free Survival (PFS) - Independent Radiological Review84 days
Comparison: The planned final PFS analysis was to be performed when approximately 363 progressions or deaths (if death occurred before progression) were observed. The analysis had power of 90% to detect a 50% increase in PFS using a two-sided alpha of 0.01p-value: <0.00000195% CI: [0.35, 0.55]Log Rank
Secondary

Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) Assessment

Primary Analysis for FKSI-10 patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure defined as longitudinal analysis of mean score over the first 5 treatment cycles. FKSI-10 patient responses for each question range from 0=not at all to 4=very much and after reverse coding the range of values for FKSI-10 total score is from 0 to 40; higher score represents better HRQOL.

Time frame: From start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (31May2005), approximately 18 months later, PRO data collected at Day 1 of each cycle and end of treatment.

Population: Evaluations based on ITT population with a PRO assessment. Day 1, Cycle 1 served as baseline assessment.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN)Dispersion
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycle 3, Day 127.27 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.22
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycle 5, Day 126.27 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.3
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycle 2, Day 127.77 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.23
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycles 1-5 (Overall)27.19 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.23
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycle 4, Day 126.77 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.25
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycles 1-5 (Overall)27.20 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.23
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycle 2, Day 127.78 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.22
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycle 3, Day 127.28 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.23
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycle 4, Day 126.78 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.26
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by FKSI-10 (Functional Assessment of General Therapy Kidney Symptom Index 10) AssessmentCycle 5, Day 126.28 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.31
Comparison: Approximately 200 subjects per group, assuming a 10% drop out rate, were required to detect a 2 point difference between sorafenib and placebo at approximately 80% power with a two-sided alpha of 0.05p-value: 0.98random coefficient model
Secondary

Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) Assessment

Primary Analysis for FACT-G (using PWB score) patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure defined as longitudinal analysis of mean score over the first 5 treatment cycles. FACT-G (PWB score) patient responses for each question range from 0=not at all to 4=very much and after reverse coding the total FACT-G (PWB score) range of values is from 0 to 28; higher score represents better HRQOL.

Time frame: From start of randomization of the first subject (1Dec2003) until the data cut-off (31May2005), approximately 18 months later, PRO data collected at Day 1 of each cycle and end of treatment.

Population: Evaluations based on ITT population with a PRO assessment. Day 1, Cycle 1 served as baseline assessment.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN)Dispersion
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycle 3, Day 120.77 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.17
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycle 5, Day 119.89 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.24
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycle 4, Day 120.33 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.19
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycles 1-5 (Overall)20.70 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.17
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006)Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycle 2, Day 121.21 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.17
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycles 1-5 (Overall)20.65 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.19
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycle 2, Day 121.16 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.19
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycle 3, Day 120.72 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.19
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycle 4, Day 120.28 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.22
PlaceboHealth-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by Physical Well-Being (PWB) Score of the FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Version) AssessmentCycle 5, Day 119.84 Scores on a scaleStandard Error 0.26
Comparison: Approximately 200 subjects per group, assuming a 10% drop out rate, were required to detect a 2 point difference between sorafenib and placebo at approximately 80% power with a two-sided alpha of 0.05p-value: 0.83random coefficient model

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Apr 8, 2026