Combination Chemotherapy and Antithymocyte Globulin in Reducing Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Patients Undergoing Donor Stem Cell Transplantation For Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Myeloproliferative Disorder

Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders, Graft Versus Host Disease, Leukemia, Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases, Myelodysplastic Syndromes

graft versus host disease, polycythemia vera, chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, untreated adult acute myeloid leukemia, recurrent adult acute myeloid leukemia, recurrent childhood acute myeloid leukemia, untreated childhood acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies, de novo myelodysplastic syndromes, previously treated myelodysplastic syndromes, secondary myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease, unclassifiable, adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22), adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;16)(p13;q22), adult acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13;q22), adult acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 (MLL) abnormalities, adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(15;17)(q22;q12), childhood myelodysplastic syndromes

RATIONALE: Combining antithymocyte globulin with combination chemotherapy before donor peripheral stem cell transplantation may reduce the chance of developing graft-versus-host disease following transplantation. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of combining antithymocyte globulin with busulfan and cyclophosphamide in reducing graft-versus-host disease in patients who are undergoing donor stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome or other myeloproliferative disorder.

OBJECTIVES: * Determine the incidence of acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) requiring therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliferative disorders treated with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and anti-thymocyte globulin prior to transplantation with filgrastim (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (or bone marrow) from related or unrelated donors. * Determine the incidence of relapse and relapse-free survival in patients treated with this regimen. * Determine the incidence of non-relapse mortality by day 100 and 1 year posttransplantation in patients treated with this regimen. * Determine the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, infections, and chronic GVHD in patients treated with this regimen. OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of anti-thymocyte globulin. * Conditioning and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis: Patients receive oral busulfan every 6 hours on days -7 to -4 (16 doses), cyclophosphamide IV on days -3 and -2, and anti-thymocyte globulin IV over 3 hours on days -3, -2, and -1. Cohorts of 15 patients receive adjusted doses of anti-thymocyte globulin to determine the optimal dose at which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation and GVHD are reduced. The optimal dose is the dose at which 2 consecutive cohorts receive the same regimen. * Stem cell transplantation: Patients undergo peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) or bone marrow transplantation on day 0. * Posttransplantation GVHD prophylaxis: Patients receive cyclosporine IV continuously on days -1 to 4 and then orally twice daily until day 180. Patients also receive methotrexate on days 1, 3, 6, and 11. Patients are followed every 6 months for 2 years and then annually thereafter. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 30-45 patients will be accrued for this study within 2 years.

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