Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Depressive Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
Electroconvulsive therapy, Antidepressive Agents
Brief summary
This study will evaluate the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) administered with medication for the treatment of a major depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar) and will compare two types of ECT.
Detailed description
This study addresses 2 issues in the optimization of ECT in patients with major depression: whether patients treated with ECT should receive concurrent treatment with antidepressant medications, and the relative efficacy and side effects of high dosage right unilateral (RUL) ECT compared to low dosage bilateral (BL) ECT. This study has 2 phases. In Phase I, patients are randomized to receive nortriptyline, venlafaxine (Effexor), or placebo while they simultaneously receive either high dosage RUL ECT or low dosage BL ECT. Patients have an electrocardiogram (EKG), a chest x-ray, medical and neurological examinations, and blood tests. Memory function is assessed before and after ECT. Whenever feasible, patients are withdrawn from all prior psychotropic medication before the start of ECT. ECT is administered 3 times per week to inpatients and twice a week to outpatients. Patients continue ECT until they are asymptomatic or until there is a plateau in improvement over 2 treatments. Patients who respond to ECT enter Phase II and add lithium to either nortriptyline or venlafaxine within 1-3 days of the last ECT. Clinical and side effect evaluations and blood level determinations are conducted weekly for the first month, every 2 weeks until Week 12, and every 4 weeks for the remaining 12 weeks. Following any indication of relapse, patients are monitored more intensively and are re-evaluated within 1 week. The neurocognitive battery is readministered to all patients at 2 and 6 months after the acute ECT course, regardless of ECT clinical outcome.
Interventions
PROCEDUREHigh dosage electroconvulsive therapy
Participants will receive high dosage right unilateral ECT at six times the seizure threshold.
DRUGNortriptyline
Participants will receive nortriptyline.
DRUGVenlafaxine
Participants will receive venlafaxine.
DRUGLithium
Participants will receive lithium.
PROCEDURELow dosage electroconvulsive therapy
Participants will receive low dosage bilateral ECT at one and a half times the seizure threshold.
Sponsors
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
New York State Psychiatric Institute
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Major depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar) * Pre-ECT score of 20 or higher on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression * Able to withdraw psychotropic drugs (up to 3 mg/day lorazepam allowed) * ECT indicated
Exclusion criteria
* Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or other psychosis * Amnestic disorder, dementia, or delirium * Pregnancy * Epilepsy * Current alcohol or substance abuse or dependence * CNS disease or brain injury not associated with psychotropic drug exposure * ECT in the past 6 months * Medical contraindication for treatment with either nortriptyline or venlafaxine, including allergy to amitriptyline, nortriptyline, or venlafaxine; narrow angle glaucoma; sinus node disease; bundle branch disease; myocardial infarction; coronary artery bypass or angioplasty; or angina * Type I antiarrhythmic medication * Supine blood pressure \>= 170 mmHg systolic or \>= 105 mmHg diastolic at 3 readings over 2 days
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Neurocognitive battery | Measured at baseline and at 2 and 6 months after the acute ECT course |
| Clinical evaluations, side effect evaluations, and blood level determinations | Measured weekly for the first month, every 2 weeks until Week 12, and every 4 weeks for the remaining 12 weeks |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Memory function | Measured before and after ECT |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed