Leukemia
Conditions
Keywords
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, Philadelphia-Positive, Imatinib Mesylate, Gleevec, Glivec, Imatinib, STI571, STI-571, CGP-57148B, NSC-716051, Cyclophosphamide, Cytoxan®,, Neosar®, Doxorubicin, Adriamycin ®, Rubex ®, Adriamycin PFS, Adriamycin RDF, Vincristine, Dexamethasone, Decadron, Methotrexate, Cytarabine, Ara-C, Cytosar, DepoCyt, Cytosine Arabinosine Hydrochloride, Mesna, Mesnex, G-CSF, Filgrastim, Neupogen
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if intensive chemotherapy, combined with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571) given for 8 courses over 6 months, followed by maintenance imatinib mesylate plus chemotherapy for 2 years, followed by imatinib mesylate indefinitely can improve Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The safety of this treatment will also be studied.
Detailed description
Before treatment starts, patients will have a complete exam, including medical history and documentation of disease, blood, and marrow tests. A chest x-ray will be taken. CT scans may be taken if needed. A bone marrow sample will be taken through a large needle. An EKG and MUGA (heart function tests) will be performed. During treatment, patients will give blood samples (about 1 tablespoon each) at least twice a week. A bone marrow sample will be repeated 2 and 3 weeks from the beginning of treatment to check on response. After two courses of chemotherapy, the tests done before treatment will be repeated to check for response. All patients will receive 2 kinds of chemotherapy courses for a total of 8 courses. Chemotherapy courses will be given through a large vein by a central venous catheter (a plastic tube usually placed under the collarbone). Imatinib mesylate will be given as a pill with the chemotherapy. Course 1 will start with cyclophosphamide given by vein over 2-3 hours every 12 hours for 6 doses over 3 days (Days 1,2,3). Mesna will be given by vein continuously for 4 days with the cyclophosphamide to protect the bladder. Doxorubicin will be given by vein over 24 hours on Day 4. Vincristine will be given by short infusion on Days 4 and 11. Dexamethasone (a steroid) will be given by mouth or by vein on Days 1-4 and 11-14. The imatinib mesylate will be given by mouth with breakfast and a large glass of water daily on Days 1-14. Medicines will be given to prevent nausea and to protect the kidneys from increased amounts of uric acid, which may be released when leukemia cells die. G-CSF (growth stimulating colony factor) will be given after completion of the chemotherapy. It is given to allow for rapid recovery of the normal marrow. G-CSF will be injected under the skin until the counts recover. Treatment to the brain will be given inside the spinal fluid with methotrexate around Day 2 and cytarabine about day 7. This is done to prevent the leukemia from developing there. For patients aged 60 years or older, this Course 1 will be given in a protective isolation room to decrease the risk of infection(s). During Course 2, patients will be given methotrexate by infusion over 24 hours on the first day and cytarabine at a high dose over 2 hours every 12 hours for 4 doses (Days 2 and 3). Citrovorum factor (leucovorin), an antidote for side effects of methotrexate, will be given by vein or by mouth for 2-3 days (Day 2 and on). Solumedrol (a steroid) will be given by vein every 12 hours for 6 doses. Imatinib mesylate will be given by mouth with breakfast and a large glass of water on Days 1-14 or daily, depending on tolerance with Course 1. G-CSF will be given as in Course 1. The treatment to the brain inside the spinal fluid will be given as in Course 1 around Days 2 and 7. The chemotherapy will alternate between hyper-CVAD plus imatinib mesylate (Courses 1, 3, 5, and 7) and methotrexate/cytarabine plus imatinib mesylate (Courses 2, 4, 6, and 8) to complete a total of 8 courses. G-CSF will be given as in Course 1. Anti-nausea medicine will be given with each course of chemotherapy. The urine will be alkalized to protect the kidneys. Antibiotics will be given by mouth to prevent infection. After the 8 courses, monthly maintenance chemotherapy plus imatinib mesylate will be given. This includes daily imatinib mesylate, monthly vincristine by vein, and prednisone by mouth for 5 days every month. Maintenance chemotherapy will be given for a total of 24 months, and will be interrupted by 2 periods of intensive chemotherapy courses with hyper-CVAD and imatinib mesylate at 6 and 13 months from the start of maintenance. Imatinib mesylate will be continued daily as tolerated indefinitely. After two courses of the intensive chemotherapy, the response to the treatment will be evaluated. If the leukemia is responding, the therapy will be continued. Patients will be taken off study if the leukemia starts to get worse. During and after completion of treatment, patients will have a complete exam, including blood tests. If needed, a chest X-ray or CT scan will be done. A bone marrow sample will be taken through a large needle. Patients will then return every 2 to 3 months for a checkup, including blood and bone marrow. X-rays and heart studies (MUGA or ECG) may be repeated if needed. An Ommaya reservoir may also be placed surgically as a route to treat leukemia in the brain or to prevent leukemia in patients who have difficulty with the spinal treatments. An Ommaya reservoir is an access port inserted under the skin of the scalp that enters into the spinal fluid cavity of the brain. Treatment will be given on an inpatient basis (3 to 5 days) for the 8 intensive courses of chemotherapy, or as indicated by the clinical condition. The maintenance treatments will be given as an outpatient, except for the courses of hyper-CVAD and imatinib mesylate. This is an investigational study. The FDA has approved imatinib mesylate for use in chronic myelogenous leukemia and other clinical research studies. About 55 patients will take part in this study. All will be from MD Anderson.
Interventions
DRUGImatinib Mesylate
600 mg by mouth on days 1 - 14 for course 1, and 600 mg by mouth daily days 1-14 (or daily if tolerated with course 1) for courses 2, 4, 6, 8.
DRUGCyclophosphamide
300 mg/m\^2 by vein every 12 hours for 6 doses days 1, 2, 3 (total dose 1800 mg/m\^2) for courses 1, 3, 5, 7.
DRUGDoxorubicin
50 mg/m\^2 by vein on day 4 after last dose of CTX for courses 1, 3, 5, 7.
DRUGVincristine
2 mg by vein on day 4 and day 11 for courses 1, 3, 5, 7.
DRUGDexamethasone
40 mg by vein or by mouth daily on days 1 - 4 and days 11 - 14 for courses 1, 3, 5, 7.
DRUGMethotrexate
12 mg intrathecally (6 mg if via Ommaya reservoir) day 2 for courses 1, 3, 5, 7. 200 mg/m\^2 by vein over 2 hours followed by 800 mg/m\^2 over 22 hours on day 1 of courses 2, 4, 6, 8.
DRUGCytarabine
100 mg intrathecally day 7 for courses 1, 3, 5, 7. 3 gm/m2 by vein over 2 hrs every 12 hrs for 4 doses on days 2 and 3 for courses 2, 4, 6, 8.
DRUGMesna
600 mg/m\^2 by vein daily for 24 hours for courses 1, 3, 5, 7.
DRUGG-CSF
10 mcg/kg/day after completion of chemotherapy until neutrophil recovery to 1 x 109/L or higher for all courses.
Sponsors
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Diagnosis of previously untreated Ph-positive ALL or previously treated in CR after 1-2 courses of therapy or failure after one course of induction chemotherapy without imatinib mesylate. 2. Age \> or = 15 years. Those \< 15 years of age will be treated under compassionate IND. 3. Zubrod performance status \< or = 2 (ECOG Scale, Appendix A). 4. Adequate liver function (bilirubin \< or = to 3.0 mg/dl, unless considered due to tumor), and renal function (creatinine \< or = to 3.0 mg/dl, unless considered due to tumor). 5. Adequate cardiac function as assessed clinically by physical examination. 6. Signed informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
1. Active serious infection not controlled by oral or intravenous antibiotics. 2. Treatment with investigational antileukemic agent or chemotherapy agents in the last 7 days before study entry, unless full recovery from side-effects has occurred or patient has rapidly progressive disease judged life-threatening. 3. Active secondary malignancy other than skin cancer (e.g. basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma) than in investigator's opinion will shorten survival to less than 1 year. 4. History of Grade III/IV cardiac problems as defined by the New York Heart Association Criteria. 5. Prior history of treatment with imatinib mesylate. 6. Pregnancy or lactating in women of childbearing potential.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Response To Induction Therapy With Hyper-CVAD Plus Imatinib Mesylate | Baseline to 6 months | Complete Remission (CR): Defined as the presence of 5% or less blasts in the bone marrow, with a granulocyte count of 1.0 × 109/L or higher and a platelet count of 100 × 109/L and no extramedullary disease. Partial Response (PR): As above for CR except for the presence of 6-25% marrow blasts. Molecular CR: Same as for CR with RT-PCR negativity for bcr-abl. Induction Death: Defined as death occurring after start of therapy without meeting the definition of CR or resistant disease. |
| Disease-Free Survival Rate at 2-year and 5-year. | Baseline to 2-year and 5-year | Disease-Free Survival (DFS) was calculated from the time of complete remission until relapse or death due to any cause. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival Rate at 2-year and 5-year. | Baseline to 2-year and 5-year | Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of initiation of therapy until death. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment Period: March 28, 2001 to October 04, 2006. All recruitment done at The University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib Imatinib 600 mg orally days 1-14, course 1, & 600 mg daily days 1-14 (daily if tolerated course 1), even courses. Cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m\^2 intravenous (IV) for 6 doses days 1-3, odd courses. Doxorubicin 50 mg/m\^2 IV day 4; Vincristine 2 mg IV days 4 & 11; & Dexamethasone 40 mg IV or orally daily days 1-4 & 11-14 odd courses 1, 3, 5, 7. Methotrexate 12 mg intrathecally (6 mg if via Ommaya reservoir) day 2, odd courses and 200 mg/m\^2 IV over 2 hours followed by 800 mg/m\^2 over 22 hours day 1 of even courses. Cytarabine 100 mg intrathecally day 7 for odd courses and 3 gm/m\^2 IV every 12 hours for 4 doses days 2-3 for even courses. Mesna 600 mg/m\^2 IV daily, odd courses. G-CSF 10 mcg/kg/day after completion of chemotherapy until neutrophil recovery to 1 x 109/L or higher for all courses. | 54 |
| Total | 54 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 51 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 54 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 26 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 28 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 54 / 54 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 36 / 54 |
Outcome results
Primary
Disease-Free Survival Rate at 2-year and 5-year.
Disease-Free Survival (DFS) was calculated from the time of complete remission until relapse or death due to any cause.
Time frame: Baseline to 2-year and 5-year
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib | Disease-Free Survival Rate at 2-year and 5-year. | 2-year DFS rate | 49 percentage of participants |
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib | Disease-Free Survival Rate at 2-year and 5-year. | 5-year DFS rate | 43 percentage of participants |
Primary
Response To Induction Therapy With Hyper-CVAD Plus Imatinib Mesylate
Complete Remission (CR): Defined as the presence of 5% or less blasts in the bone marrow, with a granulocyte count of 1.0 × 109/L or higher and a platelet count of 100 × 109/L and no extramedullary disease. Partial Response (PR): As above for CR except for the presence of 6-25% marrow blasts. Molecular CR: Same as for CR with RT-PCR negativity for bcr-abl. Induction Death: Defined as death occurring after start of therapy without meeting the definition of CR or resistant disease.
Time frame: Baseline to 6 months
Population: Of the 54 participants, 39 (72%) presented with de novo disease, 6 (11%) were refractory to standard induction therapy, and 9 (17%) entered the study in complete remission (CR) after one course of standard induction therapy.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib | Response To Induction Therapy With Hyper-CVAD Plus Imatinib Mesylate | Complete Remission | 42 participants |
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib | Response To Induction Therapy With Hyper-CVAD Plus Imatinib Mesylate | Partial Remission | 1 participants |
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib | Response To Induction Therapy With Hyper-CVAD Plus Imatinib Mesylate | Molecular Complete Remission | 17 participants |
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib | Response To Induction Therapy With Hyper-CVAD Plus Imatinib Mesylate | Induction Death | 1 participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival Rate at 2-year and 5-year.
Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of initiation of therapy until death.
Time frame: Baseline to 2-year and 5-year
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib | Overall Survival Rate at 2-year and 5-year. | 2-year OS rate | 57 percentage of participants |
| Hyper-CVAD + Imatinib | Overall Survival Rate at 2-year and 5-year. | 5-year OS rate | 43 percentage of participants |