None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Patients with chronic low back pain lasting for at least 3 months. 2. Adults aged between 18 and 65 years. 3. Individuals with a pain intensity score of 3 or higher on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). 4. Individuals with a Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-17 (TSK-17) score of 37 or higher and/or a Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) score of 40 or higher. 5. Individuals who have received sufficient explanation regarding the study purpose and procedures and voluntarily agree to participate. 6. Individuals who are able to participate in the study procedures and exercise program.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Individuals with a specific pathological cause of low back pain, including spinal fracture, tumor, infection, or inflammatory disease. 2. Individuals with neurological deficits (e.g., paralysis or sensory impairment) or central nervous system disorders. 3. Individuals with a history of spinal surgery. 4. Pregnant women. 5. Individuals who have participated in a structured rehabilitation program or exercise intervention within the previous 3 months. 6. Individuals with severe psychiatric disorders that may interfere with study participation or outcome assessment.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Movement-Evoked Pain (MEP) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Resting Pain (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS);Disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI);Functional Performance (Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test, FTSTS);Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-17, TSK-17);Central Sensitization (Central Sensitization Inventory, CSI) | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Daegu University