Effects of Healing Beat and Patient-Preferred Music on Sedation, Anxiety, and Pain in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Robotic Surgery under General Anesthesia

Status

Recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Interventional

Source

CRIS

Registry ID

KCT0011995

Enrollment

144

Registered

2026-05-15

Start date

2025-12-18

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2026-05-18

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

None listed

Interventions

Behavioral : The interventions in this study are conducted for patients undergoing thyroid robotic surgery under general anesthesia during the preoperative phase and intraoperative phase. All interv

the file names and associated information are pre-hidden to maintain blinding. Second, the Patient-Preferred Music group provides music from a genre selected by the patient the day before surgery (Bal

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: · Participants who fully understand the purpose and procedures of the study and voluntarily provide written informed consent to participate. · Adults aged 19 years or older. · Participants with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of III or lower. · Participants scheduled to undergo robotic thyroid surgery under general anesthesia using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). · Participants admitted to the ward one day before surgery. · Participants scheduled to be transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after surgery.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: Persons wearing hearing aids Persons with cochlear implants Persons with an implanted cardiac pacemaker Persons with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt Persons currently being treated for or exhibiting symptoms of ear diseases, such as otitis externa or otitis media Persons with skin lesions around the ears (e.g., dermatitis, eczema) that interfere with wearing a headset Persons taking medications related to anxiety or depression Patients undergoing collaborative (multi-departmental) surgery Pregnant women Persons with contact-transmitted infections Persons with irregular P-P intervals on ECG or a documented diagnosis of arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation, in their medical records

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Anxiety score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Anxiety (A-NRS);Postoperative pain score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain (P-NRS)	—

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
Preoperative anxiety and information needs measured by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS);Level of sedation measured by the Bispectral Index (BIS);Change in anxiety score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Anxiety (A-NRS);Change in preoperative anxiety and information needs measured by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS);Change in level of sedation measured by the Bispectral Index (BIS);Total intraoperative propofol consumption per body weight (mg/kg);Total intraoperative remifentanil consumption per body weight (mcg/kg);Postoperative pain score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain (P-NRS);Pain-related physiological response measured by the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI);Change in postoperative pain score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain (P-NRS);Change in pain-related physiological response measured by the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI);Total fentanyl consumption in the post-anesthesia care unit (mcg)	—

Measure

Time frame

Preoperative anxiety and information needs measured by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS);Level of sedation measured by the Bispectral Index (BIS);Change in anxiety score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Anxiety (A-NRS);Change in preoperative anxiety and information needs measured by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS);Change in level of sedation measured by the Bispectral Index (BIS);Total intraoperative propofol consumption per body weight (mg/kg);Total intraoperative remifentanil consumption per body weight (mcg/kg);Postoperative pain score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain (P-NRS);Pain-related physiological response measured by the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI);Change in postoperative pain score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain (P-NRS);Change in pain-related physiological response measured by the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI);Total fentanyl consumption in the post-anesthesia care unit (mcg)

—

Countries

Korea, Republic of

Contacts

Public ContactEunhye Gil

Seoul National University Bundang Hospital

11770@snubh.org+82-31-787-3679

Outcome results