None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Others(breathing exercises) : For the square breathing method, a 3-day adaptation period was provided to allow the patient to become accustomed to the technique. First, a CO2 tolerance test was conduc
2) Instructed to inhale as deeply as possible and, once the lungs were full, to exhale as slowly as possible through the nose or mouth
3) Measured the time (in seconds) required to empty the lungs (CO2 exhalation time)
4) Instructed not to hold one's breath while the lungs were empty, and recorded the ‘exhalation time’
and 5) Used the following template to determine the inhalation, exhalation, and breath-holding times for the square breathing protocol, incorporating the exhalation time.
While seated in the chair, t
Sponsors
Dongshin University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Men aged 65 years are approved to use the National Trauma Healing Center - Those who have been certified as eligible to use the center through self-report and DSM-5 criteria screening (supervised by a mental health nurse and a professional psychologist) - Those without medical problems related to the respiratory system - Those who have heard an explanation of the study and voluntarily consented to participate
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Those who are practicing breathing exercises other than the square breathing technique - Those with a history of respiratory disease - Those diagnosed with dementia or a serious mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.) - Those taking medications that may affect this study - Those taking medications that may affect anxiety or stress, or antidepressants - Those deemed by the researchers to be inappropriate for breathing exercises
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Visual analogue scale;PCL-5;Electro encephalo graphy | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Heart rate variability | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public ContactYejun Han
Dongshin University
Outcome results
None listed