None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Ability to walk independently for 10 meters or more
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Participants with a history or current symptoms of musculoskeletal or neurological disorders. 2. Diagnosis of respiratory or cardiovascular diseases, or recent exacerbation or cardiac events (e.g., asthma, COPD, major heart diseases such as myocardial infarction or angina pectoris within the last 6 months). 3. Difficulty in complying with study procedures due to cognitive decline (MMSE-K score < 24). 4. Recent history that may affect study outcomes (e.g., prior experience with breathing exercises, history of falls within the last 2 years).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postural Stability (Balance) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pulmonary Function, Respiratory Muscle Strength;Blood Pulse and Autonomic Function | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Seoul National University