None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Participants were eligible if they were adults (=19 years of age) at the time of the visit and met at least one of the following criteria: 1) Overweight or obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) =23 kg/m², according to the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO) criteria; or 2) Presence of =1 metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factor. * Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) Risk Factors MetS risk factors were defined as follows: - Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) =100 mg/dL - Waist circumference (WC): men =90 cm, women =85 cm - Blood pressure (BP): systolic BP =130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP =85 mmHg - Triglycerides (TG) =150 mg/dL - High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): men <40 mg/dL, women <50 mg/dL * Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the presence of three or more risk factors according to the above diagnostic criteria (NCEP–ATP III Asian-Pacific guideline, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Participants were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: 1) Having a diagnosed chronic disease and currently receiving treatment, including but not limited to coronary artery disease/atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, or cancer. 2) Serum creatinine =3.0 mg/dL or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). 3) Evidence of severe hepatic impairment, defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). 4) Pregnant or lactating women, or women of childbearing potential. 5) Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the participant ineligible or inappropriate for participation in this study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Metabolic syndrome risk factor (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Metabolic syndrome–related risk factor levels stratified by adipo-myokine gene polymorphisms;adipokines, myokines | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Dong-A University