None listed
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Myongji Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria Adults aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at our institution between January 2019 and December 2021, with documented peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) values in retrospective medical records Availability of demographic and anthropometric information in the medical records, including age, sex, height, and body weight Patients who were referred to and participated in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program following cardiac surgery or cardiac interventions (e.g., off-pump coronary artery bypass [OPCAB], percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary angiography [PCI/CAG], aortic valve replacement [AVR], mitral valve replacement [MVR]) Availability of all three CPET assessments documented in the registry or medical records, including: CPET-1: baseline assessment at the initiation of cardiac rehabilitation (or early phase) CPET-2: early reassessment during the initial phase of cardiac rehabilitation Follow-up CPET: follow-up assessment performed 6–12 months after cardiac surgery or intervention CPET performed using a symptom-limited, physician-supervised standard protocol, with derivation of key cardiopulmonary variables, including VO2peak and oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion Criteria Inability to perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) or premature termination of the test resulting in the inability to obtain valid peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) values Missing data for key variables required for the study Documented refusal for research use of medical records in accordance with IRB approval Fewer than three CPET assessments available (only one or two CPETs performed), or a follow-up CPET conducted outside the 6–12 month post–procedure/surgery window CPET data that are uninterpretable due to technical errors, missing records, or failure to meet predefined quality criteria, resulting in inability to derive key parameters CPET deemed inappropriate or discontinued due to significant medical reasons (e.g., safety concerns), in accordance with institutional contraindication or termination criteria for CPET Extensive missing data for core covariates (e.g., age, sex, or type of cardiac procedure/intervention) precluding appropriate statistical analysis
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT) Exercise duration Metabolic equivalents (METs) Heart rate response variables (e.g., peak heart rate) Early changes in CPET parameters (?CPET) between CPET-1 and CPET-2 Long-term follow-up CPET measures assessed at 6–12 months after surgery or intervention | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public Contactjeong jae lee
Myongji Hospital
Outcome results
None listed