Effects of Walker Training With Auditory Feedback on Gait Posture and Environmental Cues on Balance Control, Gait Ability, and Falls Efficacy in Patients With Stroke

Effects of Smart Walker–Based Gait Posture and Environmental Feedback on Balance Control, Gait Ability, and Falls Efficacy in Patients With Stroke

Status

Recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Interventional

Source

CRIS

Registry ID

KCT0011380

Enrollment

Registered

2025-12-26

Start date

2025-12-24

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2026-01-05

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

None listed

Interventions

Others(Gait Training Using an Auditory Feedback–Based Smart Walker) : Experimental Group (Smart Walker Gait Training Group) The experimental group undergoes gait posture and environmental feedback tra

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: (1) Adults aged 18 years or older who are at least 6 months post-stroke. (2) Individuals with a score of 24 or higher on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K), indicating the ability to understand the study procedures and respond to feedback. (3) Individuals able to ambulate independently using a walker under therapist supervision, with a Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) score of = 3. (4) Individuals who score = 2 points on the “grasping” item of the Manual Function Test (MFT) (i.e., able to voluntarily release an object after grasping). (5) Individuals with muscle tone of the bilateral elbow flexors graded = 1 on the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) (i.e., minimal resistance detected at the end of the range of motion). (6) Individuals with no hearing impairment. (7) Individuals with no visual field defects within 10 m in the forward direction (correctable with glasses or contact lenses). (8) Individuals who, along with their legal guardians when applicable, understand the purpose and procedures of the study and provide written informed consent. (9) Individuals with no history of disc disorders, fractures, or musculoskeletal conditions that could affect participation in the study. (10) Individuals with no apraxia. (11) Individuals with no history of neurological disorders other than stroke.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: (1) Individuals with motor neuron disorders. (2) Individuals with psychiatric disorders. (3) Individuals with hemineglect (unilateral neglect). (4) Individuals who score = 3 points on Item 2 (“standing unsupported”) of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), indicating the inability to stand independently for 2 minutes under supervision. (5) Individuals who report dizziness. (6) Individuals with uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, severe arrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension, or severe skin lesions of the hand, or those who have undergone recent hand surgery, which could affect participation in the study.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Berg Balance Scale;Functional Reach Test; 10-Meter Walk Test;GaitRite gait analysis system;Dynamic Gait Index;Timed Obstacle Walking Test; Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale	—

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
Timed Up and Go Test	—

Countries

Korea, Republic of

Contacts

Public ContactShinyoung Park

Korea National University of Transportation

dkssud10613@naver.com+82-43-820-5114

Outcome results