None listed
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Sahmyook University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria for this study were healthy young adults aged between 20 and 25 years who voluntarily consented to participate, exhibited scapular downward rotation index with a score greater than 10, reported neck and shoulder pain within the past 6 weeks with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score ranging from 50 to 100 mm, had not received treatment for neck or upper limb pain in the 6 weeks prior to the study, and had no professional experience in exercises related to the neck or trunk muscles.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The participants were excluded if they had received any treatment or medication known to affect physical and psychological conditions or if they had undergone any major surgery in the year before the start of this study. Participants were also excluded if they had any of the following: a history of cervical trauma or surgery, congenital anomalies of the spine (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar), structural abnormalities such as scoliosis, systemic arthritis, a positive Spurling test (to exclude radiculopathies), a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, central nervous system disorders, or a history of neck physical therapy within six months prior to testing.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Forward head posture, Respiratory function, Neck muscle function, Trunk muscle contractility | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Daily food intake, Daily physical activity levels | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public ContactJoo-Heon Jee
Sahmyook University
Outcome results
None listed