None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Others : Both groups performed the Abdominal Draw-In Maneuver (ADIM) and deep muscle strengthening exercises. Additionally, the experimental group incorporated biofeedback during the exercises. Pre- a
Sponsors
Kwangju Women's University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria were individuals who were sixty-five years or older, had an average Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score of three or higher, had no history of lumbar surgery, and had no fractures or spinal deformities.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria included individuals who had systemic diseases such as cancer that made participation difficult, had difficulty performing movements, had respiratory diseases that hindered participation, or had fractures or infectious diseases that could pose risks during the intervention.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| numeral rating scale, NRS | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Korean oswestry disability index, K-ODI;berg balance scale, BBS;short form-12 health survey questionnaire, SF-12;muscle thickness and contraction ratio | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public ContactSamho Park
Kwangju Women's University
Outcome results
None listed