None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria Participants will be selected from patients undergoing cesarean section at this institution who meet all of the following criteria: 1) Age: Between 18 and 45 years old. 2) Physical Status: Classified as I or II according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification. 3) Voluntary Participation: Willing to voluntarily participate in the study and provide written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion Criteria Participants will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria: 1) Allergy History: Known history of allergy to any drugs used in this study (e.g., ropivacaine). 2) Opioid Dependence: History of opioid dependence or addiction. 3) Severe Organ Dysfunction: Presence of severe hepatic or renal dysfunction. 4) Inapplicability of Methods: Inability to undergo intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA), catheter-based continuous local anesthetic infusion, or ropivacaine hydrogel application. 5) Inability to Provide Consent: Unable to provide written informed consent due to communication difficulties, cognitive impairments, or other related conditions
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Total amount of patient-controlled analgesia administered.;The time in minutes from the completion of surgery to the first request for additional analgesics;Common Side Effects;Patient Satisfaction | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital