None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Behavioral, Others(Temperature-based Physical Nursing Intervention) : This study aims to reduce pain and stress during intravenous injections by applying a combination of TEET (Thermo-Electric Element
Sponsors
National Research Foundation
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria for participants in this study are healthy adults who can understand the purpose and intent of the study, voluntarily agree to participate, are capable of communication, and have no issues at the venipuncture site. Additionally, participants must have had experience with intravenous injections within the past six months.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria for this study are individuals who are not fully conscious or lack orientation, those currently receiving treatment for physical or mental illnesses, individuals taking medications that may affect pain or stress (e.g., anti-anxiety drugs, sleeping pills, cold remedies, or painkillers), and those with sensitivity to temperature changes. Additionally, participants who have previously been exposed to TEET or the TWINKLE app will be excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Stress;TEET and TWINKLE Satisfaction(NRS);Participant Satisfaction(NRS);Practitioner Satisfaction | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public ContactJae-Kyeum Lee
Gimcheon University
Outcome results
None listed