None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The selection criteria for participants in this study include adults aged 19 to 65 who are capable of communication and have voluntarily agreed to participate, understand the purpose and intent of the study, have no sensory issues at the examination site, and have no wounds at the venipuncture site.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria for participants in this study include individuals who are undergoing other interventions for pain relief during venipuncture, those who are taking medications such as analgesics or sedatives that may affect pain or stress, individuals with sensitivity to heat or cold, and those with mental illnesses that impair judgment.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| pain;stress;satisfaction | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| User satisfaction | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Gimcheon University