None listed
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria for preterm babies were as follows: 1) gestational age of 32 - 37 weeks (moderate to late preterm baby based on the World Health Organization guideline), 2) requirement for blood sampling while in the NICU, 3) possible heel lance, 4) availability of hospital-approved blood sampling, and 5) written informed consent from the primary caregiver.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria were: 1) having a blood coagulation disorder and 2) receiving analgesia/sedatives or anticoagulants within 24 h prior to heel lance.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain behavioral and physiological responses and facial expressions | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| skin injury, hemostasis, the number of puncture | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Pukyung National University