None listed
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. patients aged from 18 to 65 years 2. radio-opaque stone size was 5 to 15 mm in greatest diameter, 3. renal stone, renal pelvis stone, upper ureteral stone
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. non-opaque stones 2. Multiple stones 3. Acute urinary tract infection 4. patients with double J stent 5. horseshoe kidneys, severe pelvicaliectasis or hydronephrosis 6. malrotation of the kidney, ureteropelvic junction obstruction 7. solitary kidney 8. pregnancy 9. morbid obesity 10. coagulation disorder 11. ureteral stricture
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Provide audio-visual stimulation. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| peri-interventional pain;Anxiety score | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Hallym University Medical Center-Dongtan