None listed
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Adult patients (> 18 years) undergoing cystoscopic procedure under monitored anesthetic care (remifentanil infusion)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - ASA physical status class 5 - Morbid obesity ( BMI =, >35) - Severe valvular heart disease - Arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation - History of cardiac transplantation, Patients with cardiac pacemaker - CNS disorder, autonomic disease - Cognitive disorder including deliruim, dementia - Patients taking alpha-2 agonist, beta blockers, or antiarrhythmics - Patients chronically taking sedative hypnotics and narcotic analgesics - Patients who underwent nerve block for pain control - emergency surgery - Patients with mean BP below 60 mmHg and heart rate below 45 bpm and above 120 bpm on the morning of surgery - in case that investigators judge that it is inappropriate to participate in this study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| ANI value, SPI value, pain scores (NRS) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| BP, HR, SpO2, RR | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital