None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Adults receiving intravenous injections among inpatients 1. An adult aged 20 or older and 65 or younger who accepted the participation after hearing the explanation about this study and can communicate 2. Those who have experienced intravenous injection within 6 months 3. prospective intravenous injection
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Those who perform other treatments to relieve pain during intravenous injection 2. Persons with mental illness who have difficulty making judgments 3. Those with hypersensitivity to hot and cold 4. Those who are taking medications that can affect pain and stress
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain, Stress, Blood flow and satisfaction during intravenous injection | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pulse rate and oxygen saturation | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Eulji University