None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Behavioral : This is a mixed-methods study, wherein an online mental wellness program using nature therapy was implemented for UMs in Korea and a sequential explanatory design was used to analyze the
session 7 aimed at promoting health and lowering parenting stress
and session 8 aimed to reduce anxiety and parenting stress (Table 1). Four researchers who were involved in the development of this program administered the interventions. The participants were groupe
Sponsors
Seoul National University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: UMs aged 18 years and over who were raising a child aged 0–6 years and who voluntarily provided informed consent were enrolled in this study. Individuals who were participating in another psychological intervention program during the recruitment period or those who had taken antipsychotic medications in the past four weeks were excluded. Sample size was determined using the G*power 3.1 program; for a repeated measures analysis of variance with an effect size (f) of .25, significance level of .05, power of .80, two groups, two time points, and an inter-time point correlation of 0.5, the minimum sample size was calculated to be 17 per group. Considering that less than 20% of the participants withdrew their participation or submitted careless responses in a previous study on forest therapy, the target sample size was set to 42, with 21 in each group. To recruit participants for the quantitative study, we enlisted the cooperation of the administrators of a Korean website offering parenting support for Korean UMs through phone calls and emails and posted a recruitment advertisement on the website. Volunteers who wished to participate in the study were instructed to contact us directly.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Who are not UMs. UMs raising children over 7 years old.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The SF-12 Health Survey developed by Ware, Kosinski, and Keller (1996) [25] and adapted and modified by Hur and Kim (2016) was used to measure the physical and psychological health of UMs. This 14-item tool comprises seven items each for physical and psychological health, and each item is rated on a four-point Likert scale ranging from 1 “strongly disagree” to 4 “strongly agree.” The total score ranges from 14–56. Twelve negatively worded items [2–7,9,10,12–14] were reverse-coded; thus, a higher score indicated better perceived health. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The Korean Screening Tool for Depressive Disorders (K-DEP) provided by the National Mental Health Center was used in this study. It comprises 12 items rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0 “strongly disagree” to 4 “strongly agree,” with a total score range of 0–48. A higher score indicates more severe depression. ;The Korean Screening Tool for Anxiety Disorders (K-ANX) provided by the National Mental Health Center was used. The K-ANX comprises 11 items rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0 “strongly disagree” to 4 “strongly agree,” with a total score range of 0–44, where a higher score indicates more severe anxiety. ;The Korean version (Jon, 1974) of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) was used for this study. The SES comprises 10 items with five positively worded items and five negatively worded items, and each item is rated on a four-point Likert scale ranging from 1 “almost never” to 4 “always.” ;The Korean-Parenting Stress Index 4th Edition Short Form (K-PSI-4-SF) was used to measure parenting stress in this study. This 36-item scale comprises three subscales, with 12 items for Parental Distress (PD), 12 for Parent–Child Dysfunctional Interaction (P-CDI), and 12 for Difficult Child (DC). The score ranges from 36–180, and two negatively worded items (No. 22,30) are reverse coded. A higher score indicates greater perceived parenting stress. | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public ContactSinyoung Choi
Seoul National University
Outcome results
None listed