None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: From the patient medical records, adults with paroxysmal or persistent AF who were willing to participate in a training program and agreed to sign an informed consent form were included
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria were: engagement in high-intensity endurance training three times per week or more; class III or IV heart failure per the New York Heart Association Classification; history of open-heart surgery; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) =40%; severe refractory hypertension; severe cardiac valve disease; moderate or severe pulmonary disease; mental disorder; and an inability to exercise due to a musculoskeletal disorder.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Exercise capacity, quality of life, lipid status, physical activity level, arterial stiffness, cardiac function, atrial fibrillation-induced cardioversions, and number of hospital admissions. | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Seoul National University Hospital