None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Others(Virtual reality environment using a dome screen) : Control group: standard of care during the intravenous placement (no virtual reality environment using dome screen with animation provided).
Sponsors
Seoul National University Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Children aged 2 to 6 years who visit the pediatric emergency department of Seoul national university hospital who need venipuncture for diagnosis or treatment.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Children were excluded from the study if they needed urgent IV placement (e.g., due to an unstable hemodynamic condition or an altered mental status), had developmental disabilities or facial anomalies that made it difficult to apply the pain scale, and if their guardians had insufficient Korean language ability to understand the study protocol. Children for whom IV catheter insertion failed on the first attempt were also excluded from the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale;Average FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale at 3 time points (immediately after the child lies in the bed, when the tourniquet is applied, when the needle penetrates the skin) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Guardian’s satisfaction with the needle procedure (5-point Likert type questionnaire);Child's pain intensity rated by his/her guardian (5-point Likert type questionnaire);Child' anxiety rated by his/her guardian (5-point Likert type questionnaire) | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public ContactHa Lee
Seoul National University Hospital
Outcome results
None listed